Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
289,947 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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To determine the main driving factors affecting the senior nursing students in their decision to migrate and to evaluate the effect of attitude towards migration in career planning.
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Refractory ascites is an established indication for liver transplantation. While transplantation is regarded as the definitive therapy for this condition, many patients are unsuitable due to comorbidity or frailty. Alternatives such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) and large-volume paracentesis can lead to complications, including encephalopathy, circulatory and renal dysfunction, and pro
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© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND At present, there is no clear understanding of the effect of long-duration spaceflight on the major enzymes that govern the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. To address this gap in knowledge, we used data from the NASA Twins Study, which includes a multiscale omics investigation of the changes that occurred during a year-long (340 days) human s
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Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) comprise the most common congenital heart defect at birth. The chances of spontaneous closure of VSD depend on the size and location of the defect. Subpulmonic location is an unlikely site for the VSD to close spontaneously and known to have complications such as aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation. Percutaneous closure has become the preferred strategy for small-moderate-sized VSDs l
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n after acute ischemic stroke in patients with pre-stroke dementia who are independent in basic ADLs before the onset of stroke.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly. There is accumulating evidence suggestive of transmissibility of β-amyloid resulting in amyloid pathology at younger age. According to the Boston criteria, defining CAA in patien
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Introduction
Photoshop is a versatile tool in today’s digital era. From amateurs to professionals, this software provides numerous opportunities to enhance your photographs. Cleaning motivation explores the essentials of mastering Photoshop.
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In this research, we compared the phenotypical characters, total anthocyanins content, total phenols content, and antioxidant activity of red-fleshed apple cultivars ‘XJ4’, ‘QN-5’, ‘DH’ and ‘HX1’ at three fruit developmental stages. A further flavonoids metabolites study was conducted in ‘XJ4’ and ‘DH’. We found broader variation of total anthocyanins content in the peel of the four cultivars, which might result
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Multidisciplinary care (MDC) is considered best practice in lung cancer care. Health care services have made significant investments in MDC through the establishment of multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings. This investment is likely to be sustained in future. It is imperative that MDT meetings are efficient, effective, and sufficiently nimble to introduce new innovations to enable best practice. In this article,
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Neuropathic pain is a common chronic pain condition with major impact on quality of life. However, its physiopathologic mechanism remains unknown and pain management is still a challenge. Accumulating evidence indicated that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) played a critical role in the process of pain. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether in
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Neither worry (ßind = 0.00, p = .59) nor rumination (ßind = 0.00, p = .96) mediated the link between NSSI and increased insomnia. We conclude that NSSI and insomnia maintain each other over time. Thus, screening adolescents for insomnia symptoms may help identify those at risk of NSSI. Although depression seems to explain why insomnia is a risk factor for NSSI, further studies should investigate why NSSI plays a role in the maint
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Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism. Genetic, postmortem brain, and brain imaging studies of bipolar disorder (BD) patients indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction might explain BD pathophysiology. Mitochondrial function can be indirectly evaluated by measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers. We recruited 186 bipolar I disorder (BD1) and 95 bipolar II disorder (BD2) patients, and age- an
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Information processing in neural systems can be described and analyzed at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Generally, information at lower levels is more fine-grained but can be coarse-grained at higher levels. However, only information processed at specific scales of coarse-graining appears to be available for conscious awareness. We do not have direct experience of information available at the scale of individ
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Malaria is caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. While infection continues to pose a risk for the majority of the global population, the burden of disease mainly resides in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although immunity develops against disease, this requires years of persistent exposure and is not associated with protection against infection. Repeat infections occur due to the parasite’s ability to
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This work demonstrates that the slight difference in the bridge of tub-shaped picenophanes renders distinct photophysical behavior, revealing the potential of harnessing inter-moiety reaction in the picenophane systems.Integrating two kinds of fluorescent probes in one system to develop a ratiometric sensing platform is of prime importance for achieving an accurate assay. Inspired by the efficient overlapped spectrum of
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Considering that the ominous prognosis of ischemic brain damage could by partially clarified by way of already known risk factors the auspice would be modifying poor outcome in the post-stroke phase detecting novel biomolecules associated with poor prognosis and targeting them for revolutionary therapeutic strategies.The paper concerns modeling the microstructure of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon all
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Emotion recognition has been gaining attention in recent years due to its applications on artificial agents. To achieve a good performance with this task, much research has been conducted on the multi-modality emotion recognition model for leveraging the different strengths of each modality. However, a research question remains what exactly is the most appropriate way to fuse the information from different modalit
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Acute oesophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare entity that most commonly presents as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Complex pathophysiology may include oesophageal ischaemia as well as reflux of acidic gastric contents causing oesophageal mucosal injury. Management is supportive and directed at underlying comorbidities however prognosis is poor with complications such as oesophageal perforation, stricture and
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Knockdown and overexpression NCOA4 further prove TBHP may induce ferroptosis of AFCs and NPCs in an autophagy-dependent way. These findings support a role for oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVDD.This is the first study describing the morphological, ecological and physiological characteristics of two downstream-migrating and two non-migrating female Pacific bicolor eels, An
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The blood pressure (BP) lowering response to renal denervation (RDN) remains variable with about one-third of patients not responding to ultrasound or radiofrequency RDN. Identification of predictors of the BP response to RDN is needed to optimize patient selection for this therapy. This is a post-hoc analysis of the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO study. BP response to RDN was measured by the change in daytime ambulato
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AIMS To investigate the impact of microRNA target SNPs (mirSNPs) and their interaction with miRNAs on important drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and target genes for prediction of clopidogrel drug response in cardiovascular disease individuals. MAIN METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 292 individuals undergoing clopidogrel drug therapy. All the enrolled particip
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A mixed aqueous solution of hydrophilic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) becomes cloudy under acidic conditions at room temperature. The pendant carboxylic acid groups in PAAc form hydrogen bonds with the ester and phosphate groups in PMPC. While the polymers aggregate under acidic conditions, neither one associate under basic conditions because of the deprotonati
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There is interest in novel synovial fluid biomarkers for the detection of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Here, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 23 simple or sophisticated synovial fluid biomarkers for periprosthetic hip or knee infection detection. One hundred seven subjects were studied, 57 of whom had aseptic failure (AF) and 50 PJI. The following synovial fluid biomarkers were test
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The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants’ mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) describes a group of rare inherited disorders caused by impaired neuromuscular transmission at the motor endplate. Common ophthalmic manifestations associated with CMS include ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. A 19-year-old fema
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Stem cells (SCs) are cells with strong proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. SC transplantation represents an important therapeutic advancement for the treatment strategy of neurological diseases, both in the preclinical experimental and clinical settings. Innovative and breakthrough SC labelling and tracking technologies are widely used to monitor the distribution an
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Cement industry workers are at high risk due to the dust emitted at various steps of its production. Pulmonary damage is the most important hazard. This work aimed to evaluate lung function and oxidative stress parameters of the workers.
A cross-sectional study involving 97 workers in four cement factories was conducted from December/2019 to March/2020. Data collection was
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Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it ex
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Patients in all three groups demonstrated similar visual pain scores when submitted to office hysteroscopy (Group 1 4.18 ± 3.1, Group 2 4.68 ± 2.9, group 3 4.45 ± 2.9, P = 0.59). Moreover, patients presented high acceptance scores of the procedure, similar between groups. We performed a subgroup analysis in patients in treatment for chronic pelvic pain and, in this subgroup, prior medication with dicl
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929-1.000) in classifying either GS or early NTG, while AUCs of 0.927-0.947 were obtained by other machine-learning models. The performance of the DNN model considering all three OCT-based parameters was the highest (AUC 0.966) compared to the combinations of just two parameters. As a single parameter, BMO-MRW (0.959) performed better than RNFL alone (0.914).Progressive evolution, or the tendency towards increasing complex
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Both CK1 and TcAUK1 have auto-phosphorylation activities and they are able to phosphorylate Tcpolβ. CK2 cannot perform auto-phosphorylation of its subunits, however, it was able to phosphorylate Tcpolβ. Pharmacological inhibitors used to inhibit the homologous mammalian kinases can also inhibit the activity of T. cruzi kinases, although, at higher concentrations. The phosphorylation events carried out by those kin
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Additionally, the difference between the passive SLR angle and active SLR angle (ΔSLR) was significantly larger in the chronic LBP group than in the non-chronic LBP group. Those with chronic LBP had were more likely to have a FMS™ composite score ≤14.
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We can keep track of wrist joints, check real-time continuous feedback in the implemented virtual space, and provide the basic data for an LMC-based quantitative rehabilitation therapy guide.Multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collaboration has great potential. To increase the intelligence and environmental adaptability of multi-UAV control, we study the application of deep reinforcement learning algorithms in
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The activity of platinum-copper catalysts in the MOR and the current-voltage characteristics of the H2/Air proton-exchange membrane fuel cell MEAs measured in the process of their life tests were much higher than those of the Pt/C catalysts.In the scientific landscape, there is a growing interest in defining the role of several biomolecules and humoral indicators of the aging process and in the modification
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Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving world, AI has become a crucial component of numerous industries. From medical services to car technology, AI is transforming the way we exist and conduct our daily activities. This guide delves into the essential concepts of AI, explaining its significance and providing applicable insights for understanding
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A new octahedral platinum complex [PtLCl4] of Schiff base ligand containing pyrimidine and morpholine skeleton (where, L is 4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methylene)-2-morpholinoethanamine) was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV-visible and ESI-MS techniques. DNA interaction of isolated compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) was explored by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, cyclic volta
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We report on a procedure for the preparation, printing and curing of antibacterial poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocellulose-reinforced hydrogels. These composites present a highly anisotropic microstructure which allows to control and modulate the resulting mechanical properties. The incorporation of such nanoparticles enables us to modify both the strength and the humidity-dependent swelli
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We propose a novel concept for detecting color transition by the inner product (IP) of RGB unit vectors. A digital microscope-based detector and a Visual Basic program were developed in-house. The concept is applied to indicator-based flow titration. The IP is 1 or less then 1 if the vector’s direction is the same or different, respectively. The IP’s change can be used as a criterion for the indicator’s c
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There are data available in the literature on bioelement concentrations in the serum of various groups of patients; however, very little is known about the serum concentration of selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in renal transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, including mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Monitoring of serum bioelement concentrations in renal transplant recipients is of prof
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The linear discriminative analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified the cyanobacterial genus Cyanobium PCC-6307 as the main variable between summer and winter water. Sequences representing human and animal potential pathogens, as well as toxin-producing Cyanobacteria, were identified in low abundance within the Nile microbiome. Functionally predicted metabolic pathways predicted the presence of antibiotic
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During fermentation, reducing sugars were consumed while lactic acid was accumulated inside the beans, and its concentration was significantly higher in the spontaneous fermentation (3 times) than that where yeasts were suppressed by Natamycin. Glycerol was detected with a concentration of 0.08% in the absence of Natamycin and was not identified when Natamycin was added. Green beans fermented with yeast growth containe
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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been shown to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells (MCs) and to promote bone formation. BMP6 is known to play an important role in the process of MCs towards osteogenic differentiation by virtue of their osteoinductive and cell type specific proliferative activity. However, the molecular mechanism relate to BMP6 osteoinductive activity is still un
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Ureteral stenosis (US) is a known complication from image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT); however, no dosimetric parameter has been associated with ureteral toxicity. We aimed to report the rate of late grade ≥3 US after MRI-based IGBT, and to identify clinical factors and dosimetric parameters predictive for US.
A retrospective review was performed on all cervical cance
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