Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
295,367 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The incidence of transfusion reactions among pediatric-AYA hematology/oncology patients may be lower than the general pediatric population. Patients with a prior history of transfusion reactions and those receiving platelet transfusions may be at higher risk for reaction. From our limited sample, IEC recipients may be at risk for severe transfusion reactions. Large multi-center prospective studies are n
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6 (before the procedure) to 2.8 (immediately post-treatment), 2.1 and 2.7 (after 6 and 12months later, respectively). The mean ODI score was 55.5% before treatment, and this was statistically significant reduced to 22.3% and 26.9%, respectively, at 6 and 12months after treatment (p < 0.0001). The SF36 scores, both physical and mental components, showed statistically significant variations (p < 0.0001) whose dire
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Combined use of multiple technologies has also noted to be advantageous.Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affect innumerous people and are considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Curcuma sp can work as important therapies in the approach of these diseases. For this reason the aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of Curcuma or curcumin in five autoimmune and
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08). High anti-CCP antibodies levels were associated with mean CAL, mean PI, and number of pockets ≥ 5 mm with an OR of 1.593 (p = 0.043), 1.060 (p less then 0.001), and 1.031 (p = 0.031), respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase of 4.45 U/mL in anti-CCP antibodies levels (p = 0.002) in RA patients was found for each pocket ≥ 5 mm after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, tim
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In summary, copeptin is a reliable biomarker for assessing a patient’s health both preoperatively and postoperatively. Copeptin and melatonin are two independent agents and are not related to each other, and more studies will be needed with more patients of the same age and with the same underlying disease to assess the
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The vision is to be a multi-centre, multi-national, multi-disciplinary group of healthcare professionals committed to working together and partnering with families to optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with paediatric and congenital heart disease through clinical, quality, and research initiatives, intending to maximise quality of life for every individual across the lifespan. This manuscript describes th
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The major primary (N, P, K) and secondary (S, Ca, Mg) nutrients were at par or higher than integrated chemical intensive systems. TEK based amendments ensured proper and timely management of nutrients in the soil. This inherent value addition offered by indigenous manure applications is an important step in climate change mitigation measures and overall agricultural sustainability.Average biodegradation rate of ne
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QM/EFP excitation energies are compared to the fully quantum mechanical calculations with the configuration interaction singles (CIS) method. We find that the charge penetration correction diminishes the accuracy of the QM/EFP calculations. On the other hand, while the effect of exchange-repulsion is negligible for most ππ* transitions, the exchange-repulsion significantly improves description of nπ* transitions wit
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The tongue is capable of producing intelligible speech because of successful orchestration of muscle groupings-i.e., functional units-of the highly complex muscles over time. Due to the different motions that tongues produce, functional units are transitional structures which transform muscle activity to surface tongue geometry and they vary significantly from one subject to another. In order to compare and contras
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Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) carries a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and bile acid concentrations are associated with T2DM and HCC. We aimed at evaluating the relationships between FGF19 and bile acid concentrations and HCC in patients with T2DM. Methods Twenty-seven healthy volunteers (control group), 27 patients with T2DM (T2DM grou
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In a patient on PD, this is the first case of MPC that developed due to acute hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and dehydration and in which the ectopic pulmonary calcification clearly decreased with optimization of iPTH.
In a patient on PD, this is the first case of MPC that developed due to acute hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and dehydration and in which the ectopic pulmonary calcificati
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MOTIVATION Recent progress in m7G RNA methylation studies has focused on its internal (rather than capped) presence within mRNAs. Tens of thousands of internal mRNA m7G sites have been identified within mammalian transcriptomes, and a single resource to best share, annotate and analyze the massive m7G data generated recently is sorely needed. RESULTS We report here m7GHub, a comprehensive online plat
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Compared with the littermate controls, mice with pericyte-specific HIF stabilization due to von Hippel-Lindau protein or PHD2 knockout showed increased serum erythropoietin and polycythemia rather than a discernible difference in kidney fibrosis. Compared with Gli1+ pericytes sorted from littermate controls, Gli1+ pericytes sorted from PHD2 knockout mice showed increased erythropoietin gene expression rather than discer
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g psychiatrist’s perception of patient adherence and the blood drug level. It was determined to be 0.14 which is consistent with no agreement between the two measurements. Conclusions Treating psychiatrists inaccurately estimated oral antipsychotic medication adherence based on clinical impression alone. Making an objective measure of adherence available at the time of an appointment could help psychiatrists recognize
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Consequently, an effective control measure like mass vaccination is recommended for the study area. Also, there is a need for an extension program for stakeholders and farmers in the study area and country on the grave importance and economic benefits of PPR vaccination and the use of veterinary services.The aim of this study is to evaluate reproductive performances and to reveal the influence of mineral profile
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IntroductionIn the digital age we live in, algorithm design is essential for solving complex calculation-based issues. Algorithms constitute the backbone of program progress. This piece aims to offer insights into creating effective algorithms, with practical guidance to minimize errors and enhance efficiency.
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us contributing to gain control in the vestibular afferent input.There are intensive needs for scaffolds with new designs to meet the diverse requirements of bone repairing. Biodegradable microspheres are highlighted as injectable micro-scaffolds thanks to their advantages in filling irregular defects via a minimally invasive surgery. In this study, microspheres with surface micropores were made via the W1/O/W2 double emulsio
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The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) infection has already been assigned as a Class B infectious disease requiring Class A management strategy according to “the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases of the People’s Republic of China” and become a global pandemic. The incidence of emergencies in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery such as fore
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Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a type of necrotizing vasculitis associated with high levels of myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA). While generally associated with renal dysfunction, MPA can also cause intraabdominal hemorrhage in rare cases. A 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for renal dysfunction, numbness, and weight loss for 3
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Systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction/failure can complicate acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis with progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), leading to increased mortality. There are few studies on serum biomarkers predicting renal dysfunction (RD) or ACLF in AD. Serum cystatin C (CysC) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated for predicting RD, ACLF, and mortality in AD patients.
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Background The WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy (MHHIS) has been proposed to improve the Hand Hygiene (HH) compliance of the WHO recommendations on HH.Therefore, the current study was planned in our neonatal unit with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of a Hand Hygiene Promotional Program (HHPP) based on the WHO MHHIS, in terms of compliance and decontamination efficacy among the he
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This study aimed to compare fertility-sparing interventions and hysterectomy among women with placenta accreta spectrum disorder (PAS) who underwent caesarean deliveries. We retrospectively reviewed the data, and classified 148 patients as follows group B Bakri balloon without resection (n = 83); group R segmental uterine resection (n = 23); and group H hysterectomy (n = 42). The groups differed significantl
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Finally, we found the impact of negative selection for coding CpG mutations resulting in amino acid change. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first unbiased rate of CG > TA substitution at the CpG dinucleotide contexts, using population-scale human genome sequencing data. Our findings provide insights into the dynamics of the mutation acquisition in the human genome.BACKGROUND Polydactyly is one o
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The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide. The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively, but not that of other micronutrients. Thus, we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means, on cold incidence, and/or management (in terms of cold duration and symptom severity) in healthy adults from sys
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Taken together, these results show that EFAX might be a potential therapeutic agent for regulating a wide spectrum of NAFLDs from steatosis to fibrosis via multiple actions on lipid metabolism-related proteins. Further studies investigating clear mechanisms and their active compounds are needed.The human intestine is covered by epithelium, which is continuously replaced by new cells provided by stem cells loca
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For univariate analyses, our analyses yielded no robust associations between education and general intelligence beyond confounding effects of gender, age and extraneous in-scanner movement. A subsequent multivariate analyses showed a relationship between education and regional cortical thickness with a robust pattern of negative as well as positive loadings in several right-sided brain areas, speakin
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We evaluated the in vitro activity of plazomicin against other aminoglycosides in 122 clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates using several clinical susceptibility breakpoints. Plazomicin had excellent in vitro activity with 98% overall susceptibility. Amikacin was the next most active with 86% overall susceptibility. This dropped to 55% when swi
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Enantioselective catalytic Giese addition of photogenerated α-alkoxy radicals to acyl pyrazolidinones can be accomplished using a tandem Sc(III) Lewis acid/photoredox catalyst system. Surprisingly, the excited-state oxidation potential was not the only important variable, and the optimal photocatalyst was not the strongest oxidant screened. Our results show that both the oxidation and reduction potentials of the photocataly
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Rationale Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important regulators of inflammation. The exact impact of ROS/RNS on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) is controversial. The aim of our study was to identify the dominant sources of ROS/RNS during acute and chronic trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced cutaneous DTHR in mice with differently impaired ROS/RNS
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The active inference framework offers an attractive starting point for understanding cultural cognition. Here, we argue that affective dynamics are essential to include when constructing this type of theory. We highlight ways in which interactions between emotional responses and the perception of those responses, both within and between individuals, can play central roles in both motivating and constraining sociocultural practice
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