Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
445,158 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Seven of the dogs had received therapy limited to the primary mass, such as surgery or stereotactic radiation, then developed metastasis in the following months. CSF drop metastasis of glioma may take a very different appearance on MRI to the primary mass, including periventricular lesions that are more homogeneous and less contrast-enhancing, rostral horn signal changes, or leptomeningeal enhan
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This research aimed to investigate the dentofacial characteristics of patients with Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) (or Bloch-Sulzberger) syndrome in childhood, juvenile, and adulthood developmental stages.
Fifteen female patients with a clinical diagnosis of IP, genetically confirmed by molecular testing, were included in this study. The records of 25 nonsyndromic females wi
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OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common intraocular malignancy in children, is caused by biallelic inactivation of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1). We are evaluating the impact of the type of RB1 gene mutation on clinical presentation and management outcome. METHODS A retrospective case series of 50 patients with RB. Main outcomes were clinical and pathologic features and types of RB
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N6F11
Significant gender differences were found for online shopping and online pornography for all educational levels above elementary school. These results provided further understanding of the association between GPIU and SPIU and gender differences in PIU, which suggested that gender differences across different educational levels should be considered in interventions of PIU.Objectives Self-compassion functions as a psychological
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The application of the method to the determination of total body water in humans and animals (horses) was demonstrated. A rapid and simple method for the measurement of deuterium in plasma is described that only requires very small sample volumes, rendering the method suitable for use in pediatrics where blood sampling is required to be kept to a minimum.We describe the fabrication of an underwater time-gated stando
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. Long non-coding RNAs as master gene regulators play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the significance of lncRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms in HCC are largely unknown. Our study was to define the role of lncAY (long noncoding RNA AY927503) in HCC.
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The TiO2 prepared by larch and Chinese fir exhibited a large specific surface area, pore volume, and high degradation efficiency of formaldehyde solution. After 280 min of irradiation with an ultraviolet light source, the degradation rates of the formaldehyde solution were 19.91% and 18.85%.Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the final outcome of many cardiovascular diseases, and is a severe health
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The NPs effect on lung cancer cells with high specificity and affinity was demonstrated by MTT study. It was found that the effect of IBU was increased 4-28 times over the pure form. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method, FITC Active Caspase-3 staining method and mitochondrial membrane potential detection analyses was performed to determine the apoptotic pathways by flow cytometry.Conclusion E coded NP is selected as a pro
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Trong thế giới cá cược trực tuyến ngày nay, việc tìm kiếm một nhà cái uy tín và chất lượng là điều mà các tín đồ cá cược luôn quan tâm. Nhà cái SV368 đã nhanh chóng trở thành một trong những điểm đến lý tưởng cho những người yêu thích cá cược. Với nền tảng ổn định và các dịch vụ đa dạng, SV368 không chỉ mang đến sự giải trí mà còn đảm bảo s
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BACKGROUND A timely decision in the initial stages for patients with an acute illness is important. However, only a few studies have determined the prognosis of patients based on insufficient laboratory data during the initial stages of treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate time adaptive prediction models to predict the severity of illness in the emergency department (ED) using highly sparse la
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The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applica
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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women comprising 16% of all female cancers. shows high intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges with unpredictable clinical outcome and response to existing therapy. Mounting evidence is ascertaining that breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, evolu
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Precipitate phases in an Mg-7Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy aged isothermally at 240 °C were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM. The two types of precipitation sequence that involve Mg-Gd and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) type were found. The LPSO type sequence consisted of the precipitation of γ”, γ’, 14H-LPSO/18R-LPSO. The Mg-Gd type pre
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However, in vivo assays using mice revealed that the additional antennary element at position 83 dramatically increased the hematopoietic activity compared to a commercially available native EPO. These unprecedented data clearly indicate that the antennary pattern of N-glycans inherently plays a critical role in the modulation of protein functions.Phenotypic integration is an import
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Human kinome/phosphatome screen identified CAMK2N1 genes suppressing the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CAMK2N1 downregulation was found in 47% HCCs and associated with poor prognosis. The downregulation was mainly attributed to its genome deletion (28.4%) and DNA hypermethylation of its promoter (12.5%). Silencing and ectopic expression of CAMK2N1 respectively enhanced and suppressed cell
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Conclusions Penile prosthesis implantation is an increasing practice, as evidenced by a steady increase in the number of implants performed over a 7-year study period. Acceptance of this treatment option for ED is variable by region with the US leading the annual number of implantations by a wide margin. Worldwide, there appears to be a predominance of surgeons placing implants via the PS approach. 2020 T
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Dispersion of contrast media into the anterior epidural space is correlated with better outcomes after transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI). Needle tip position is an important factor affecting the pattern of contrast media dispersion. It is difficult to advance the needle medially to the interpedicle line with a conventional approach, especially in a severe spinal stenosis. But, with Kambin’s triangle app
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Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex and costly therapy that places significant demands on healthcare resources. Commercially manufactured 3-chamber bags (3CBs) offer potential time and cost advantages compared with hospital pharmacy-compounded bags (HCBs); however, no data are yet available from studies comparing these delivery systems in US hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the PN
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In the basaloid cells, PRAME expression is often more diffuse and easier to detect than adipophilin. In comparing the SNs to the controls, PRAME was more sensitive and more specific than adipophilin. PRAME could be used as an additional marker of sebaceous differentiation in everyday practice.
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