Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
342,005 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Our mini-review may be useful for better planning future experiments (including rapid methods for screening compounds for antiviral activity, the initial assessment of the antiviral potential of various plant species in relation to certain pathogens, etc.) and giving a hand to those who are making first steps in this field.Widespread malnutrition of zinc (Zn), iodine (I), iron (Fe) and selenium
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Primary cilia are lost during cancer development, but the mechanism regulating cilia degeneration is not determined. While transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) protects cells from oxidative, proteotoxic, and metabolic stress in normal cells, hyperactivation of NRF2 is oncogenic, although the detailed molecular mechanisms by which uncontrolled NRF2 activation promotes cancer progression remain uncl
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In systems biology, it is of great interest to identify previously unreported associations between genes. Recently, biomedical literature has been considered as a valuable resource for this purpose. While classical clustering algorithms have popularly been used to investigate associations among genes, they are not tuned for the literature mining data and are also based on strong assumptions, which are often
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Understanding invisible work, thus, leads us to consider different constitutive relevancies. In turn, these serve to specify established concepts in STS, such as ‘controversy,’ to better distinguish the day-to-day conduct of natural science from that of politics or law.Backgrounds and Aims Klebsiella pneumoniae represents the most common opportunistic pathogen contributing to Klebsiella pneumonia in hospital-acquired infections.
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Interfacial inhibitors exert their biological effects through co-association with two macromolecules. The pateamine A (PatA) class of molecules function by stabilizing eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A RNA helicase onto RNA, resulting in translation initiation inhibition. Here, we present the crystal structure of an eIF4A1RNA complex bound to an analog of the marine sponge-derived natural product PatA, C5-desmethyl Pa
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The purpose of the present study was to quantify differences in lower extremity reach performance, static posturography and gait outcomes between young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years) and older (60-79 years) adults using identical tests and parameters. This was a cross-sectional study with three parallel groups (young [20-39 years] vs. intermediate [40-59 years] vs. older [60-79 years] adults). In a randomise
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Our findings indicate that DOCK8 is a negative regulator of intestinal ILC2s to inhibit their expansion via Cdc42 activation, and that deletion of DOCK8 causes a skewing to type 2 immunity in the gut.Tumor brain metastasis is a severe threat to patients’ neurological function, in which microglia may be involved in the process of tumor cell metastasis among nerve cells. Our study focused on the interaction between microglia
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Latent class analysis (LCA) is a model-based approach to identifying underlying subgroups in a population. In this study LCA wa
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INTRODUCTION Cytotoxic agents have immunomodulatory effects, providing rationale for combining atezolizumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) with chemotherapy. The randomized phase III IMpower131 study (NCT02367794) evaluated atezolizumab with platinum-based chemotherapy in stage IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS 1021 patients were randomized 111 to receive a
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Lentigo maligna (LM), a subtype of melanoma in-situ commonly occurring in the head and neck region, often presents a treatment challenge due to anatomical constraints, particularly on the face of mostly elderly patients. This study sought to assess the clinical outcomes of wide local excision of head and neck LM, identify predictors of recurrence and define optimal excision margins.
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Over the 6-year follow-up, 3596 individuals developed colorectal cancer. Estimated intention-to-treat and per-protocol hazard ratios were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87, 1.16) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.71, 1.12), respectively. As expected, adequate case-control sampling yielded the same estimates. By contrast, previous case-control analytical approaches yielded estimates that appeared strongly protective (odds r
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DISCUSSION Our outcomes revealed that MGAT5 SNPs have a phenotypic impact on T cells glycosylation as well as in plasma IgG glycome structure associated with UC pathogenesis. MGAT5 SNPs display a tendency in the relationship with a worse disease training course in customers with UC.INTRODUCTION The prognosis of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is regar
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Perception of acoustic details in the speech signal is important for speech sound development. The medial olivocochlear pathway, a part of the auditory efferent system, plays a role in stimulus-rel
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The presence of NOTCH1 mutations may predict response to treatment with an immune checkpoint or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. The latter is being tested in a clinical trial, and if validated, it may lead to the development of the first biomarker-driven targeted therapy for HNSCC.Background Consumer activity monitors and smartphones have gained relevance for the assessment and promotion of physical activity. The aim
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Data sets collectively demonstrate that carbon oxidation state, functional group ratios, and the aggregation kinetics of GO products can be readily controlled by varying processing time and conditions with expected changes in aqueous behavior(s), including stability/aggregation.Yolk-shell silicon/carbon composite encapsulated by uniform carbon shell (Si@C) are becoming an effective method to mitigate volume-related is
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Brain radiation can occur from treatment of brain tumors or accidental exposures. Brain radiation has been rarely considered, though, as a possible tool to alter protein levels involved in neurodegenerative disorders. We analyzed possible molecular and neuropathology changes of phosphorylated-Tau (pTau), all-Tau forms, β-tubulin, amyloid precursor protein (APP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calc
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The down-regulation of PGP 9.5 suggests that pathogenesis of congenital intraabdominal adhesions are pertaining to hypoxia induced damage. The imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 may prove structure fibrosis as a response to congenital peritoneal adhesions. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) can lead to end stage renal illness and severely affect patient perfor
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Operative adjustments may need to be made with respect to equipment to accommodate patient-specific needs. 2020 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.Background (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, has been found to inhibit the influenza virus. However, the mechanism of EGCG anti-influenza virus effect needs to be further explored. Methods BEAS-2B cells were treated with d
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Next, this review introduces the chronic pain animal models commonly used in TCM research, in order to provide guidance for the targeted selection of animal models when carrying out relevant experiments in the future.Pain is a complex, unpleasant feeling and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, and manifests itself in certain autonomous psychological and behavioral responses. T
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