Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
296,449 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Environment has a potential effect on the animal symbiotic microbiome. Here, to study the potential relationship of the symbiotic microbiomes of wild amphibians with altitude, we collected the gut and skin samples from frogs (nine species) and the environmental samples (water and soil samples) from the Leshan Mountains (altitude 360-410 m) and Gongga Mountains (altitude 3340-3989 m) on the eastern edge of
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The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, socio-demographic, and therapeutic variables associated with the length of hospitalization in a psychiatric emergency hospital in Buenos Aires City.
The present retrospective analytical study included 350 consecutively admitted patients aged 18-65, from June 2013 until December 2017 in a public psychiatric hospital in
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Brain MRI showed thin corpus callosum and the “ears of lynx” sign.
SPG15 accounts for approximately 0.5% (1/195) of the Taiwanese HSP cohort. This study identified the first Taiwanese SPG15 case and delineated the clinical, genetic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging features. These findings expand the mutational spectrum of ZFYVE26 and also broaden the knowledge of clinical and ne
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Results indicate that targeted investments in addressing the social determinants and in mental health services provides the best opportunity to reduce SB and suicide. Systems modelling and simulation offers a robust approach to leveraging best available research, data, and expert knowledge in a way that helps decision makers respond to the unique chara
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We identified eleven HIV positive patients over 5 years. Eight were newly diagnosed, and 3 had prior positive tests but were not connected to care. All 11 were successfully connected to providers with HIV care expertise. Conclusions POC HIV testing is feasible, acceptable, and sustainable in a PED setting. The implementation of targeted HIV POC testing in the PED increased the number of HIV tests being offered, the number of high-risk
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). Local wound infection was the most frequent complication after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (37% of patients). CONCLUSIONS With the implementation of a specific protocol, patients bridged to heart transplantation on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation had similar survival compared with those not supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate whether
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The evaluation revealed four key themes. COVID-19 patients 1) had greatly increased C-reactive protein levels, 2) needed a significant inspiratory O2fraction, 3) were highly positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) dependent on ventilatory support and 4) suffered highly fluctuating respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support for a significantly longer period of time than non-COVID-19 pa
SomervilleLopez5644
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AbstractTropical mountains might protect species from global warming by facilitating biotic migrations upslope. Current predictions of tropical biotic responses to global warming are based on correlations between species elevational distributions and temperatures. Because biotic attritions, range shifts, and mountaintop extinctions result from complex demographic processes, predictive models must be based
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Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk.
To determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality.
We prospectively follow
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Our results suggest that the Amazonian medicine-based therapy attracts a diverse patient group not limited to regional residents and may be particularly appealing to more impaired SUD patients with a history of unsuccessful treatment. The sample’s cultural diversity suggests an existing interest in such therapies among international SUD treatment
HanssonOtte8148
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These data show an EV-mediated spreading of pro-inflammatory response between mast cells, and provide the first in vivo evidence for the biological role of mast cell-derived EVs.Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the CNS. These cells secrete immunomodulatory factors including n
BlantonSchneider2528
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The oral L. rhamnosus DSM 32992 and DSM 32991 strains showed the lowest pH-values. Conclusion Screening of probiotic lactobacilli showed significant strain-dependent variations in their antifungal capacity in a pH-dependent mode. Two strains of oral origin were most effective. A further characterization seems justified to elaborate on their probiotic properties.
The proteomic signature o
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At 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after the treatment, the behavioral scores of the rats were significantly higher in ICH group and mild induced hypothermia group than in the sham operation group (
< 0.05 or 0.01). The protein expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB and mRNA expressions of HIF1-α and VEGF were significantly higher in ICH group and mild hypothermia group than in the sham operation group (
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Demographic factors which were associated with higher risks of suicidality were female gender, younger age, bad academic results, were an only child, non-participation in school associations, and had an urban household registration. Perceived good health was protective against suicidality.
Knowing the common risk and protective factors for suicidality among Chinese undergraduate students
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The current understanding of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is based mainly on single-center, retrospective studies. The aims of this study are to determine risk factors for postoperative HAEC using the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC) database.
We performed a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study of children with Hirschsprung
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How to Properly Install and Maintain an Outdoor Wood Burner
Outdoor wood burners are often called wood boilers. They look like small sheds with the appearance of a small smokestack. They provide heat to water, or a mix of antifreeze and water, which is then circulated throughout your house.
When EPA-approved outdoor wood boilers are made of dry wood,
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Dementia 360 was acceptable to clinicians and significantly increased their comfort levels in identifying and treating those with dementia. The technology-based program provided support and instruction that was acceptable by clinicians, even those in frontier areas of the state.
Peripheral intravenous access is no longer limited to the standard intravenous catheter (cannula). Devices vary
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Professional carers reported a significant decrease in the quality of contact with clients with intellectual disabilities, but overall high levels of resilience in the same clients.
Online methods of communication are possibly insufficient for professionals to cover all needs of people with intellectual disabilities. During this pandemic professionals should be aware of
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Results Twenty studies were included and were all of generally high quality. Cohort size, length of follow-up, measurement objectives, data acquisition, and data analysis all varied considerably across studies, precluding meta-analysis. However, study results correlating heart rate variability and relevant outcomes indicated that overall, heart rate variability is an effective indicator of key fitness and perfo
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General Psychiatric Assessment
A basic psychiatric assessment is frequently the primary step for patients in a medical ward of a general healthcare facility. These assessments are commonly carried out by junior trainees under guidance of a specialist psychiatrist.
The assessment will consist of taking a look at a patient
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The median DNA-TG level in the 257 samples was 106.0 fmol TG/μg DNA (interquartile range, 75.8-150.9). There was a strong correlation between DNA-TG and RBC-TGN levels (ρ=0.68,
<0.0001). The DNA-TG/RBC-TGN ratio was significantly higher in NUDT15 intermediate metabolizers (
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Composite, helical nanostructures formed using cooperative interactions of liquid crystals and Au nanoparticles were studied using a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode. The investigated helical assemblies exhibit long-range hierarchical order across length scales, as a result of the crystallization (freezing) directed growth mechanism of nanoparticle-coated twisted nanoribbons and their abilit
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The Holmes County Amish have low vaccination rates, an increasingly diverse population, and have an increased incidence of certain inherited diseases. The objectives were to evaluate; the rate and influences of vaccine hesitancy compared to a decade ago, vaccination patterns between Amish affiliations, vaccine practices of Amish special needs children, and the Amish’s acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine.
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SheltonSchwartz7579
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Background The impact of delivery mode on the infection rates of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the newborn remains unknown. We aimed to summarize the existing literature on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy to evaluate which mode of delivery is better for preventing possible vertical transmission from a pregnant mother confirmed with COVID-19 to a neonate. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search of Pub
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Human teeth have become a prominent source of DNA for human forensic identification as their biological structure is highly resistant to extreme conditions. Previous forensic identification was mainly dependent on the pulp and the other hard tissues of intact teeth. However, there is high likelihood that only carious teeth can be available for forensic analysis. This study aimed to validate the use of the carious part
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Mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect highlights the challenges between the ethical and legal obligations of social workers and the need to maintain the therapeutic relationship with the client. The ability to bridge this tension is paramount to ensure continued psychosocial treatment and the well-being of children. This paper discusses a study to determine the decision-making f
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This paper presents the results of voluminous experimental investigations conducted to analyze the influence of the welding procedure on the performance of regenerated gears. Cylindrical spur gears were tested, both newly manufactured and regenerated, in two fundamentally different ways by hard facing (surfacing) with the “hard” filler metal (DUR 600-IG) and with the “soft” filler metal (EVB2CrMo) with
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Synergy between piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was recently demonstrated. We sought to test the combination against a broader range of serine carbapenemase producers. We tested the combination against 10 KPC-producing Escherichia coli and 10 OXA-48 family-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Antibiotic concentrations used are achievable in critically ill patients. The com
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Patients with blepharoptosis who are treated with Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) may experience postoperative pain and discomfort related to the suture material on the palpebral conjunctiva. This study aims to compare the postoperative subjective complaints, such as pain and discomfort, with a visual analog scale (VAS), and objectively evaluate the cornea with a tear break-up time (TBUT) test and fluo
DueGravesen7308
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Spinel lithium manganate (LiMn2O4) is a promising cathode for aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs). However, due to Mn dissolution and the Jahn-Teller effect it suffers from fast capacity fading, insufficient rate capability, and low overcharge resistance. Herein, a ∼2-3 nm artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer (lithium polyacrylate, LiPAA) is constructed on the commercial LiMn2O4 (LiPAA@LiMn2O4). It is realiz
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The mechanism of EBV in MS therefore is a pressing question, whose clarification may substantially advance the pathophysiological understanding, rational therapies, and prevention of MS.Introduction On June 2020, the first case of concurrent Covid-19 and Kawasaki disease (KD) was published. After this first description, further works reported new cases of children affected by KD and KD-like syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 i
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Most PCPs (65%) would recommend the OUD-CDS and found it helpful with screening for OUD and discussing and prescribing OUD medications.
PCPs generally liked the OUD-CDS, but use rates were low, suggesting the need to modify CDS design, implementation strategies and integration with existing primary care workflows.
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Inhibitory control deficits are associated with substance use disorders (SUDs) and considered a risk factor. Most studies compare SUD groups with unaffected individuals, although the degree of substance use might relate to inhibitory control deficits and explain group differences. This raises the question to which extent these deficits are specifically linked to substance-related problems. We review studies r
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nological limitations, asymmetries of the information subsystems that translate into management weaknesses, as well as little community participation in the design and evaluation of health plans. Coordination weaknesses and improvement plans were detected in operating units of the regional networks, as well as. different training modalities. The availability of specialists in family medicine is low.BACKGROUND Oblit
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Organic solar cells (OSC) generally contain long-chain π-conjugated polymers as donor materials, but, more recently, small-molecule donors have also attracted considerable attention. The nature of these compounds is of crucial importance concerning the various processes that determine device performance, among which singlet exciton diffusion is one of the most relevant. The efficiency of the diffusion
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If the micelles are treated as sticky spheres, excellent agreement between experimental data and model fits can be obtained over the length scales studied, from micrometers to ångströms. The stickiness of casein micelles will impact ultra-small-angle scattering and small-angle scattering measurements of casein micelles, but it particularly limits the application of simple approximations, which
IsmailCahill4626
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Industrial hydrogen production based on methane steam reforming (MSR) remains challenges in intensive carbon emissions, retarded hydrogen generation owing to coke deposition over catalysts and huge consumption of water. We herein report an electrochemical splitting of methane (ESM) in molten salts at 500 °C to produce hydrogen in an energy saving, emission-free and water-free manner. Following the mos
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The follow up period was 54.7 months (range, 21 days to 40.5 months). Pooled technical success rate was 97% (95% CI-92-99%, I
83%). Clinical success rates at ≤3 months, 3-12 months, and >12 months were 82% (95% CI-70-90%, I
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44%), and 88% (95% CI-83-91%, I
0%), respectively.
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Whether prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers long-term survival benefit to patients with low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) after resection surgery is still under heated debate. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to investigate the comparative effectiveness and safety of prophylactic HIPEC regimens in LAMNs METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, W
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Escaping programmed cell death is a hallmark of cancer. NF-κB transcription factors are key regulator of cell survival and aberrant NF-κB signaling has been involved in the pathogenesis of most human malignancies. Although NF-κB is best known for its antiapoptotic role, other processes regulating the life/death balance, such as autophagy and necroptosis, seem to network with NF-κB. This review discusses how the reciprocal reg
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Subject 2 was a 44-year-old woman who underwent right ELS tumor resection and exhibited an elevated SPAP ratio. Subject 3 was a 55-year-old woman who underwent right retrolabyrinthine resection of a meningioma and exhibited robust responses without hydrops.
Endolymphatic hydrops secondary to mechanical obstruction by a posterior fossa neoplasm may be demonstrated using int
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Heavy metals are one of the most dangerous and critical threats to human and environment. In this study, the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon from cassava peels considered as agricultural waste (CPR) was evaluated for removal of heavy metals Cr (VI) and Co (II) from aqueous media. Cassava peel carbon (CPC) was obtained by acid treatment. Structural and morphological properties were investigated us
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of myeloid lineage cells, such as CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or monocytes, results in the upregulation of antiapoptotic cellular proteins that protect the newly infected cells from programmed cell death. The mechanisms used by HCMV to regulate proapoptotic cellular proteins upon infection of CD34+ HPCs have not been fully explored. Here, we show that HCMV uti
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Elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are observed in the epidermis in different skin disorders. Thus, epidermal sensing of H2O2 should be useful to monitor the progression of skin pathologies. We have evaluated epidermal sensing of H2O2 in vitro, by visualising H2O2 permeation through the skin. Skin membranes were mounted in Franz cells, and a suspension of Prussi
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Pneumatoceles of the temporal bone are rare entities. A symptomatic external auditory canal pneumatocele repaired endoscopically is demonstrated.
A 79-year-old man presented with fluctuating hearing loss and difficulty wearing in-ear
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