Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
419,779 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
GNE-7883
Together, our single-center consensus review on the management of BME may help improve the quality of care for these patients.Household lifestyles are the main drivers of climate change. Climate change mitigation measures directed to households often have substantial health co-benefits. The European mixed-methods study HOPE (HOuseholds’ Preferences for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in four European high-income countri
YorkHardin9730
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Background Anatomic resection (AR) is widely performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is generally not considered superior to non-anatomic resection (NAR) in terms of prognosis. So we compared the prognosis of AR with that of NAR for HCC. Methods We searched for articles about AR versus NAR for HCC published between January 1998 and December 2018 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Wanfang database. M
LunaHaagensen3102
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If Wellens’ is seen, patients should undergo urgent cardiac catheterization. Copyright © 2020, Ajibawo et al.INTRODUCTION A workshop was designed to evaluate whether high-fidelity simulation with interactive case discussion could improve resident physician knowledge and comfort interpreting and managing bradyarrhythmias. Methods All the residents completed a pre-test and then participated in a one-h
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Yet, this renewed interest in growing microorganisms, individually or as a consortium, is stalled by the laborious nature of conventional cultivation methods. Addressing this unmet need through implementation of improved media design and new cultivation techniques is arguably instrumental to future milestones in translational microbiome research.Early-life adversity contributes to the development of functional bowel
HickmanValentin1914
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in Parkinson’s disease patients. However, its underlying mechanism is not well understood, which has hindered new treatment discoveries specific to MCI. The aim of this study was to investigate functional connectivity changes of the caudate nucleus in cognitively impaired Parkinson’s patients. We recruited 18 Parkinson’s disease patients-10 PDNC [normal cognition Parkin
HildebrandtHelms7412
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to understand how health communication in the care of children with chronic conditions interferes with inter-professional collaboration.
a multicentric qualitative research. Data collection, carried out through interviews and observation, occurred from October 2017 to February 2018. For data organization, the NVivo software, version 12, was used. These data were analyzed from a
MeierGoodman5168
IOX2 mouse
991 [95% CI 0.988, 0.993]) and between different users (ICC 0.98 [95% CI 0.96, 0.99)]. The 3D NDKare measurements had good agreement for depth and fair agreement for volume with the WoundVue camera. The NDKare phone application can consistently and accurately obtain 2D measurements of diabetic foot wounds with mobile phone photography. This is a quick and readily accessible tool which can be integrated into comprehensive di
CamachoWilliams3790
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Comorbidity has been established as one of the important predictors of poor prognosis in lung cancer. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of main comorbidities and its association with hospital readmission and fatality for lung cancer patients in China.
The analyses are based on China Urban Employees’ Basic Medical insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Residents’ Basic Medical Ins
BrinchHead3327
selleck
Patients suffering from traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest (TCPA) typically demonstrate dismal survival rates. Some helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) systems transport TCPA patients via ground with a referring agency when cardiopulmonary pulmonary resuscitation is in progress. With expanding research on the inherent risk of ground emergency medical services (GEMS) transport with the use of lights and sirens to both crew an
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elated behaviors, dietary quality, and other determinants of health.
Efforts to manage weight, which are commonplace among youth and young adults, are associated with dietary quality. Future behavioral research may provide insights into strategies used by youth to manage weight, guiding interventions that recognize links among weight-related behaviors, dietary quality, and other determinants of health.Eff
MillerChoi7889
Erlotinib EGFR inhibitor
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage has become a first-line therapy for pancreatic fluid collections (1). The appearance of lumen-apposing metal stents has resulted in an authentic revolution, due to their efficacy (clinical success rate of 93%) and easy deployment (technical success rate of 98%) (2). They are associated with a shorter procedure time, lower risk of migration an
ConwayRush7403
Sunitinib
Glycosylation and phosphorylation are two of the most common and important post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, which play critical roles in regulating a variety of complex biological processes and involvement in many diseases. Due to the low abundance of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides, highly selective enrichment methods are crucial to the identification of protein phosphorylation and
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Efficient and non-precious-metal-based catalysts (e.g., manganese-based oxides) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain a substantial challenge. Creation of oxygen vacancies of manganese-based oxides with the aim to enhance their intrinsic activities is rarely reported, and there is a critical requirement for a mild and facile synthesis strategy to create abundant oxygen vacancies on manganese-based o
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The present study compared the effects of antifibrotic medications, pirfenidone, and nintedanib, with transplantation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in restoring rat pulmonary fibrosis (PF).
A stable animal model was established via an intratracheal injection of 5 mg bleomycin (BLM). One single transplantation of 2.5×10
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SahinHermansen6480
Penicillin-Streptomycin
These results suggest a link between exercise intolerance and the decreased ability to produce force. Novelty bullets • We provided the first characterization of the effects of prolonged stretching on the metabolic response during severe cycling. • Stretching reduced maximal force, augmented muscle activation in turn increasing the metabolic response to sustain exercise.Despite the essential
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At baseline, the two groups’ results were similar, with the exception being that the mean time to first out-of-bed mobilization after symptom onset was 51.60 hours (SD 14.15) and 135.02 hours (SD 33.05) for the EM group and SER group, respectively (P < .001). There were no significant differences in mean SBP and BPV during the acute and late acute phase between the two groups for the three analyses (days 2, 3, and 4 throug
LyngeNedergaard4510
Bexotegrast mouse
The RNA-guided endonuclease system CRISPR-Cas9 has been extensively modified since its discovery, allowing its capabilities to extend far beyond double-stranded cleavage to high fidelity insertions, deletions and single base edits. Such innovations have been possible due to the modular architecture of CRISPR-Cas9 and the robustness of its component parts to modifications and the fusion of new functional elemen
WulffTopp0851
Infigratinib
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important components of non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse life activities by regulating gene expression at the post transcriptional level through base complementary pairing with 3’UTRs of target mRNAs. miR-133b is a member of the miR-133 family, which play important roles in muscle differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recently, miR-133b was reported to affect estrogen synthesis
DownsCantu0424
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Re-exploration after cardiac surgery still remainsa troublesome complication. There is still a scarcity of data about the effect of re-exploration after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). We here represent our experience onre-exploration following OPCABG.
A total of 5990 OPCABG were performed at our center, out of these patients, 132 (2.2%) were re-expl
BoyleNymann6752
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74; 95% CI, 0.53-1.04; P=0.08) and high muscle-low fat mass (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.77; P=0.01) were associated with lower CVD. Further, in adjusted competing risks analyses stratified by sex, the CVD rate in women tends to significantly decrease as normalized total fat increase (total fat fourth quartile HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.94; P less then 0.03), whereas this is not noted in men. Conclusions Higher muscle m
JoynerLangballe1123
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Timely recognition of patient deterioration remains challenging. Ambulatory monitoring systems (AMSs) may provide support to current monitoring practices; however, they need to be thoroughly tested before implementation in the clinical environment for early detection of deterioration.
The objective of this study was to assess the wearability of a selection of commercially
ClevelandZhang2351
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The data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive, and inferential statistics.
The knowledge, skill, and self-confidence scores increased significantly immediately after the training (
< 0.001), from 5.05 ± 2.07 (out of 12) to 10.17 ± 1.31, 18.90 ± 3.14 to 68.45 ± 2.05, and 1.50 ± 0.55 to 2.02 ± 0.57, respectively. The changes were retained 6 weeks after
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Eukaryotic microbes (protists) that occupy low-oxygen environments often have drastically different mitochondrial metabolism compared to their aerobic relatives. A common theme among many anaerobic protists is the serial loss of components of the electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we discuss the diversity of the ETC across the tree of eukaryotes and review hypotheses for how ETCs are modified, and u
StentoftMichelsen7465
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Our studies demonstrate how the interplay of changes in the reorganization energy and the damping factor of the molecular bridges, in addition to variation in the solvent polarity, affect the outcome of charge-transfer and the corresponding rate constants. The different regions of the Marcus parabola are highly relevant The charge-recombination of, for example, the adjacent C60•‒ ZnP•+ Fc charge-separated state is located
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While the d-band theory offers successful electronic descriptors for catalytic activity of transition metals, transition metal compounds still need substantial theoretical input for the identification of reactivity descriptors for fast screening of earth-abundant catalysts. We study transition metal (TM) and non-metal doped MoS2, a promising substitute for noble metals as catalysts for multiple reactions, to clar
SingletonMeredith9031
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Furthermore, it provides a summary of the strengths and utilities of TCM, and will be useful for doctors who use Chinese medicine for treatment or researchers who select candidates for clinical treatments or further high-quality clinical studies. OBJECTIVE Existing guidelines provide indications for appropriate heritable thrombophilia (HT) testing but testing practices often do not conform to these guidelines.
BlackwellBergmann6373
N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine
Incorporating silane-coupling agent into universal adhesives (UAs) to simplify adhesive luting of glass-ceramic restorations appeared ineffective due to silane’s instability in an acidic aqueous solution. This study aimed to evaluate new silane technology added to an experimental UA to be bonded to glass ceramics without separate prior silanization.
PottsJepsen2938
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The skill to organize time effectively is a core aspect in achieving success. Whether Scuba diving schools are a student, a professional, or managing a household, understanding the idea of time structuring plays a pivotal role how effectively you reach your objectives.
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VasquezBorch8479
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In nitrogen-limited boreal forests, associations between feathermoss and diazotrophic cyanobacteria control nitrogen inputs and thus carbon cycling, but little is known about the molecular regulators required for initiation and maintenance of these associations. Specifically, a benefit to the cyanobacteria is not known, challenging whether the association is a nutritional mutualism. Targeted mutagenesis of the cyanobact
StricklandMatthews3169
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In conclusion, F8 LNP treatment produced rapid and prolonged duration of FVIII expression that could be applied to prophylactic treatment and potentially various other treatment options. Our study showed potential for a safe and effective platform of new mRNA therapies for HemA. Circular RNA (circRNA), as a kind of novel identified non-coding RNA, has become the focus of attention for its vital physiological and patho
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cted side effects. Twelve of 41 patients had reductions in the size of their tumor, and the study treatment delayed the time to tumor growth as opposed to what would be expected.Changes in the ecological stoichiometry of primary producers may have considerable implications for energy and matter transfer in food webs. We hypothesized that nutrient enrichment shifts the trophic position of omnivores to
JuulLarkin1678
ARV-825
BACKGROUND CYP4A11 gene T8590C (rs1126742) is proved to be an important locus which is relevant to hypertension. Various research on the relationship between rs1126742 polymorphism and hypertension have been published, but due to small sample sizes and limitations of the research objects, the combined results remain controversial. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, and CNKI databases for rel
BroussardSteen3379
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kgrounds practice applying IP competencies in simulated experiences. Quality improvement studies and research studies are needed to assess the impact of high-fidelity, real-time simulations throughout graduate curricula with different types of patients to improve coordinated, team approaches to treatment.
High-fidelity, real-time IPE-simulation is a powerful pedagogy to help graduate students from diffe
McKnightAtkins0083
SCR7 concentration
© 2020 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.A comprehensive phylogeny of species, i.e., a tree of life, has potential uses in a variety of contexts, including research, education, and public policy. Yet, accessing the tree of life typically requires special knowledge, complex software, or long periods of training. The Phylotastic project aims make it as easy to get a phylogeny of specie
ClineKearney6661
Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Opioids are the gold standard for the treatment of cancer-related pain. Preclinical studies have associated opioids with cancer progression and overall survival. In mice models, opioids have been shown to possess pro-tumor activity secondary to immunosuppression, migration of tumor cells, increased activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and angiogenesis leading to tumor progressi
MatthiesenMcGarry7319
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08, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the negative association between Covid-19 mortality and test number was stronger among low-income countries and countries with lower government effectiveness scores, younger populations and fewer hospital beds. Predicted mortality rates were highly associated with observed mortality rates (r = 0.77; P less then 0.001). Increasing Covid-19 testing, improving governmen
LeRiber1182
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es, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. C
CrawfordChilders3146
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We report gas-phase reactions of free Co n (CO) m + (n = 3-11, m = 0-2) with H2, expecting a catalytic reaction of coadsorbed CO and H2 on Co n +. Preadsorption of CO molecules is found to promote H2 adsorption, in particular, on Co n (CO)+ (n = 5, 8-10). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the reactivity is governed by the molecular-orbital energy of Co n +, which is tuned by preadsorbed
MossOtto0253
Proteases inhibitor
Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common disease especially at middle age. Different types of treatments have been used to address LE. Corticosteroid (CS) injections and dry needling (DN) are utilized options in the treatment. However, the question of which one is better has not been entirely discussed in the literature. We hypothesized that the use of DN to treat LE would be at least as effective as usi
CoyleCervantes1078
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Astrochemistry lies at the nexus of astronomy, chemistry, and molecular physics. On the basis of precise laboratory data, a rich collection of more than 200 familiar and exotic molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium, the vast majority by their unique rotational fingerprint. Despite this large body of work, there is scant evidence in the radio band for the basic building blocks of chemistry
LassenBeebe5529
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The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the membranous urethral length (MUL), including the thickness of the urethral sphincter, for recovery from postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).
We analyzed 78 patie
TurnerLevine9554
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Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the WGM microcavity structure naturally formed by the hexagonal MWs, particularly by adjusting the diameter of the wires, the exciton-polariton coupling strength in the single MW based LEDs can be tuned, with the as-extracted Rabi splitting energy varying in the range of 92-294 meV. The realization of a single MW based LED, which shows exciton-polariton behavior from a b
StaalStefansen8117
atmkinase inhibitor
Nevertheless, a common issue in virtually any synthetic cleverness algorithm is its reliance on the data set. Consequently, the performance associated with proposed design might not be generalized.Background Making use of transcutaneous electric stimulation for neuromodulation is a vital therapy strategy for practical nerve conditions. It could not just decrease patient
BarnettMcMillan0029
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Single-dose IV racemic ketamine is a third-line recommendation for adults with TRD. The need for repeated and maintenance ketamine infusions should be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of potential risks and benefits. Because of limited evidence for efficacy and risk for misuse and diversion, the use of oral and other formulations of racemic k
WilkinsonWoods3795
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Infestation by soft ticks was found in 13% (6/46) of visited houses. Overall, 215 ticks were collected (26 larvae, 144 nymphs and 45 adults) from nests of domestic birds or in the adjacent walls. Larvae, nymphs and adults were morphologically identified as Ornithodoros puertoricensis. Molecular identification of ticks was confirmed by sequencing the tick mitochondrial 16S gene of adults, pools
ConwayCullen0893
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ith the tract’s putative functional implications in high-order motor and behavioral processes and can potentially inform current surgical practice in the fields of neuro-oncology and functional neurosurgery.Coronary-cameral fistula (CCF) is a rare congenital communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or a great vessel. Most patients are asymptomatic and these lesions are incid
FairclothBowles2125
bafilomycina1 inhibitor
CRISPR/Cas9 genome modifying ended up being made use of to tag the chemokine CXCL12 aided by the nanoluciferase fragment HiBiT. CXCL12 secretion ended up being afterwards monitored and quantified by luminescence output. Binding of tagged CXCL12 to either chemokine receptors or membrane glycosaminoglycans could po
HaysLandry6909
Decursin
jagus crude alkaloid extract inhibited DENV infection. Among the purified AAs, cherylline inhibited efficiently both DENV (EC50=8.8 μM) and ZIKV replication (EC50=20.3 μM), but had no effect on HIV-1 infection. Time-of-drug-addition and -removal experiments identified a post-entry step as the one targeted by cherylline. Consistently, using subgenomic replicons and replication-defective genomes, we demonstrate that cheryll
FoxBunn0817
Navitoclax
The highest plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was measured with DEX1IV (1,032 ± 415 pg/mL) 5 minutes after injection.
Results suggested that perineural injection of 0.5% ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) for locoregional anesthesia in dogs seemed to balance the benefit of prolonging sensory nerve blockade while minimizing adverse effects.
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