Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
303,456 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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This study demonstrated that administering 1.5 mg/kg of preoperative IV lidocaine can be a simple method to reduce incidence of pain after hysteroscopy.
Preoperative bolus administration of 1.5 mg/kg of IV lidocaine may be used to decrease incidence of pain after hysteroscopy under general anesthesia.
Preoperative bolus administration of 1.5 mg/kg of IV li
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A wood burning stove indoors can add to the comfort of a space. They also benefit the environment as they burn a fuel source that is readily available.
However there are a few aspects to take into consideration prior to purchasing an
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The heart is surrounded by a membrane called pericardium or pericardial cavity.
In this study, we investigated the pericardial fluid (PF) for coating polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. PFS, which is a PF component, was used for the coating material. In addition to using PFS for surface coating, MED and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were also used for comparison.
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ADHD is usually treated with medication. Stimu
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Butyrate levels in cecum were significantly increased in 31-week-old rats, and the expression of inflammation related genes was increased followed aging. Especially, EU622775_s and EU622773_s, which were highly abundance species in 31-week-old rats, showed significant relationship with butyrate concentration. Enzymes required for producing butyrate-acetyl-CoA transferase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and butyrate
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Hylidae was the most diverse family of amphibians (22 spp.) and Colubridae of reptiles (33 spp.). New information on the distribution and natural history of these species is provided, many of which have not yet been assessed by the IUCN while others have already been categorized as at risk of extinction at the regional level. Results confirm the high species richness and rates of endemism in southern Bahia and highlig
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The object of this work was to study how National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales aimed to maintain effective and safe colorectal cancer (CRC) services during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020).
A national survey was performed among all 148 hospitals providing CRC services. Information was collected about changes in referrals, diagnostic, staging and
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55, p<0.01). Clinical leadership explained 27% of the variance in quality of work life. Coping style partially mediated the relationship between clinical leadership and quality of work life. The proportion of mediation of active coping was 21.82% and of passive coping was 5.79%.
Clinical leadership was positively associated with quality of work life and co
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These findings demonstrate that RDN ameliorates LPS-induced ALI through suppressing MAPK pathway to inhibit the formation of NETs.
These findings demonstrate that RDN ameliorates LPS-induced ALI through suppressing MAPK pathway to inhibit the formation of NETs.
The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) was to evaluate the effect of specific retention biomaterials wit
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Mechanoluminescent materials, which emit light in response to elastic deformation, are demanded for use as in situ stress sensors. ZnS doped with Mn is known to exhibit one of the lowest reported thresholds for appearance of mechanoluminescence, with repeatable light emission under contact pressure less then 10 MPa. The physical basis for such beha
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Physicians should maintain a high level of suspicion and be aware of atypical presentations of COVID-19.
Physicians should maintain a high level of suspicion and be aware of atypical presentations of COVID-19.Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency is characterized by liver disease
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End-of-life care is high on policy and political agendas in the UK and internationally. Nurses are at the forefront of this, caring for dying patients, ‘managing’ the dead body, and dealing with the corporeal, emotional and relational dimensions of death. Little is known about nurses’ prior or early professional experiences of and reactions to death, dying and the corpse and how these might influence practice.
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Drawing on a recent online survey combined with city-level data, this paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 on consumers’ online food purchase behavior in the short term. To address the potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable (IV) strategy, using the distance from the surveyed city to Wuhan as the instrumental variable. We show that our IV method is effective in minimizing potentia
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To propose an equation to estimate height and evaluate it’s performance in the composition of adiposity indicators in community-dwelling older adults in Brazil.
It is a cross-sectional study with 675 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 anos). Interviews and anthropometric measurements were taken at subjects’ homes. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity inde
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In this population-based large cohort study, PPD as estimated in a national screen
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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in suspending in-person human subject research across most institutions in the US. Our extensive cognitive assessment for a phase-2 clinical trial, Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease-2 (PAAD-2), was also paused in March 2020. It was important to identify strategies to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission during our testing, which initially required substantial human spee
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Irradiation could induce EMT and activate IL-6 signaling in NPC cell lines. Blocking IL-6 was able to inhibit EMT and cellular radioresistance.
When the transplant candidates are receiving oral anticoagulation therapy before transplantation, it is crucial to have an urgent reversal strategy to prevent hemorrhagic complications perioperatively. The aim of this study was to present the experience with
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Hemin, a substrate of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, induces HO-1 expression on a variety of cells to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. However, the role of HO-1 in allergic diseases for dendritic cells (DCs) is not fully understood. Here, we report that HO-1 modulates asthmatic airway inflammation by hemin-treated DC-released extracellular vesicles (DCEVs). Following induction of bone marrow-
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If this relationship is globally representative, humics could impose a concentration threshold that buffers the deep ocean iron inventory. This study highlights the dearth of humic data, and the immediate need to measure electroactive humics, dissolved iron and iron-binding ligands simultaneously from surface to depth, across different ocean basins.Stroke remains one of the leading causes of permanent disabil
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After surgery the refractory group showed 88% average reduction of aggressive behavior. Imaging analysis showed that while refractory patients present an overall reduction in cortical thickness compared to non-refractory patients across both timepoints, the local pattern of thickness difference found in areas of the neurocircuitry of aggressive behavior present before surgery is diminished and no longer detected after surge
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Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is one of the most common reasons of late non-relapse morbidity and mortality of patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). While acute GVHD is considered driven by a pathogenic T cell dominant mechanism, the pathogenesis of cGVHD is much complicated and involves participation of a variety of immune cells other than pathogenic T cells. Exis
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Exploratory analyses suggest that the covariates of affect and self-rated health are possible mediators or confounders in respectively the relationship between subjective memory beliefs and later sense of purpose, and sense of purpose and later objective memory performance.
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Some variables included in this meta-analysis were only measured twice, which limited the conclusions to some extent.
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Objective To review currently available data on the transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the breastmilk of women receiving treatment for neurologic and non-neurologic diseases. Methods We systematically searched the medical literature for studies referring to 19 selected mAb therapies frequently used in neurologic conditions and “breastmilk,” “breast milk,” “breastfeeding,” or “lactation.” From an initial
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