Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
304,022 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is designated as type 1 or 2 (AIH-1/2) on the basis of serum autoantibody (Ab) profiles. In children, AIH may present as acute or chronic liver failure or cirrhotic AIH (ALF/CLF/CAIH) with or without overlap sclerosing cholangitis (SC). The aim of this study was to compare demographics, presentation, and outcomes between groups in children.
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When using %FEV1 as a classifier instead of FEV1, age, the frequency of exacerbations, the degree of emphysema and serum levels of TARC in the rapid-decline group was significantly greater than those in the non-rapid-decline group. In univariate logistic regression analysis, TARC was the significant predictive factor for rapid-decline group. In multivariate analysis adjusted for emphysema, serum levels of TARC are independe
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ly regarding co-delivery and co-management as well as the evaluation of their real impacts on providers and on patients are lacking and should be more widely investigated.Background Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis causes significant economic losses in the domestic goose (Anser anser) industry in Europe. As 95% of the global goose production is in China where the primary species is the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), it is c
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Besides, the spiral ornamentation, which most taxonomists considered to have appeared once, occurred in three different capillitium types. The ultrastructural approaches in Myxomycetes systematics enable the reconsideration of their morphological features in the new phylogenetic scenario.Existing models of facial first impressions indicate between two and four factors th
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172; p = 0.047), which linearly declined with SWM levels. Dietary SWM inclusion only influenced (p less then 0.05) mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular concentration, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. We concluded that seaweeds have the potential to be used as a feed ingredient for indigenous chickens.The persistence of multidrug resistance among microorganisms has directe
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The objective of this review is to systematically examine the effectiveness of early adjuvant amniotic membrane transplant versus standard antimicrobial therapy for infectious keratitis.
Infectious keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial therapy is currently the gold standard for treatment. Amniotic membrane tr
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This write-up is a brief reflection of a rural doctor couple, Dr. Himmatrao Saluba Bawaskar (HSB) and Dr. Pramodini Himmatrao Bawaskar (PHB), working in the remote area of Maharashtra state of India during COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, rural doctors are routinely exposed to symptomatic COVID-positive cases in the outpatient as well as indoor setting. The authors, both husband and wife,
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streams of TR-BE-BW, TR-NE90-NF and BW30-RO membranes complied with the irrigation water standards in terms of EC, TDS and arsenic concentration while boron concentration remained above the allowable limit.Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high production chemicals, which leads to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. To date, few studies have measured CPs in humans and typically at relatively low
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High clinical awareness, an emphasis on the preoperative diagnosis, and safe surgical techniques minimizing bile duct injury can improve patients outcome.
Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum is an extremely rare condition that can easily be misdiagnosed as an acute abdomen. Awareness of this phenomenon can help avoid unnecessary surgical intervention and the potential associated morbidities.
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BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited disease characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plasma levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Most patients carry a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR). Common and rare variants in the genes encoding adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5 a
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This latter objective is certainly not always achievable with relatively fresh samples. To alleviate the down sides in procuring rarer taxa, we have seen increasing utilization of historical specimens in creating molecular phylogenies utilizing high throughput sequencing. This work, nevertheless, has primarily centered on large-bodied or well-studied group
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The Be Clear on Cancer (BCoC) campaigns have run in England since 2010. They aim to raise awareness of possible cancer symptoms, encouraging people to consult a general practice with these symptoms. Our study provides an overview of the impact of 11 national campaigns, for bowel, lung, bladder and kidney, breast and oesophago-gastric cancers. We synthesised existing results for each campaign covering s
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Future developments in EPR effect-based treatment will range from chemotherapy to photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and therapies for free radical diseases. This review focuses on our own work, which stimulated numerous scientists to perform research in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems, thereby spawning a new cancer treatment era.The impacts of novel coronavirus disease-201
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frugiperda in China. IRM programs for Bt corn in China should be as simple as possible to be easily adopted by small-scale growers. The following aspects may be considered in its Bt corn IRM programs (1) use of only “high dose” traits for both S. frugiperda and stalk borers; (2) developing and implementing a combined resistance monitoring program; (3) use “gene pyramiding” as a primary IRM strategy; and (4) if possible, B
GreveChristoffersen4965
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Where more sophisticated calibration technology is not available, use of an angiographic catheter during diagnostic endoscopy can improve preoperative assessment and surgical planning for complex ureteral reconstructive procedures.Background Inguinal lymph node dissection is performed in penile cancers and has a high complication rate with mostly wound-related complications. This case study demonstrates the use of
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GSK-3 inhibitor review
The wound closure rate was faster in the verapamil group compared to the control and silicone groups. Histologic analysis revealed capillaries and stratum basale in the verapamil group. Immunofluorescence staining was shown vessel formation in the verapamil group. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed high expression levels of COL I, VEGF, eNOS, and FGF in the verapamil.
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In this Letter, we present a new hybrid broadband-crossbar switching network that can switch multiple wavelengths on demand and can also multicast. This switch fabric is an improvement over our previous design in both switch footprint and power consumption, as it reduces the number of switching elements by approximately 50%. We compare the switch loss and crosstalk with that of a multiwavelength selective crossb
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Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD), considered a clinical variant of perioral dermatitis, typically affects prepubertal children of African descent. It is a condition of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of a monomorphic yellow-brown papular eruption limited to the perioral, perinasal, and periocular regions that histopathologically shows a granulomatous pattern. This disorder shoul
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There is growing interest for medicinal plants in the world drug market. Particularly, Matricaria recutita L., Valeriana officinalis L., Tilia spp., and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze are some of the most consumed medicinal plants for treatment of minor health problems. Medicinal plants are seen as natural and safe; however, they can cause interactions and produce adverse reactions. Moreover, there is lack of consensus in
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The mask effectively prevented the spread of aerosols and reduced droplet spread during simulated transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery in laboratory conditions. This device has potential benefits in protecting surgical personnel against airborne transmission of COVID-19 and could be useful in reducing chronic exposure to the hazard of surgical smoke.
The mask effectively prevented the spread
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Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) possesses wide health and medical value, and the market demand for MK-7 has increased. Metabolic engineering for MK-7 production in Escherichia coli still remains challenging due to the characteristics of the competing quinone synthesis, and cells mainly synthesized menaquinones under anaerobic conditions. To increase the production of MK-7 in engineered E. coli strains under aerobic conditio
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Systemic administration of glucocorticoid steroids is the most common initial treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL); however, due to the prevalence of coronavirus disease, the indications for this treatment must be carefully determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intratympanic steroid therapy as an initial treatment for idiopathic SSNHL.
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Age, marital status, living environment, education level, family income, cancer stage and the PPCS score were independent factors influencing decision conflict. Marital status, education level, cancer stage and participation competence were significant predictors of decision conflict. Patients who had higher participation competence were married, were well educated and had a lower cancer stage were likely to
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OBJECTIVE Varenicline has been shown to be safe and effective in improving abstinence in smokers. However, results from randomized, placebo-controlled trials using varenicline for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to ascertain whether varenicline improves drinking-related outcomes in subjects with AUDs. DATA SOURCES Ovid, Embase, and Scopus databases were q
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Podocytes are epithelial cells adhering glomerular capillaries, which regulate the integrity of glomerular filtration barrier. Irreversible podocyte injury induces glomerular inflammation and causes chronic renal diseases. Kcnq1ot1, a long noncoding RNA, participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy. However, its function in podocyte injury is elusive. Pyroptosis of murine pod
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Through the regulation of ICAT, the miR‑296‑3p antagonist decreased β‑catenin protein expression and increased the expression of its target genes. Silencing ICAT was indicated to reverse the miR‑296‑3p downregulation‑induced inactivation of Wnt signaling and cell growth arrest in glioma cells. The present study also indicated a negative correlation between ICAT mRNA levels and miR‑296‑3p levels in glioma tumor type
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With the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been supply challenges necessitating that laboratories must prepare their own viral transport medium (VTM), which provides stability for clinical specimens for diagnostic viral testing.
Within a veteran affairs medical center clinical laboratory, VTM was prepared with a Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) 500 mL bottle with phen
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Background Ureteral stents are commonly employed after ureteroscopy to treat urinary stone disease, but the devices impose a substantial burden of stent-associated symptoms (SAS), including pain and urinary side effects. The NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) Urinary Stone Disease Research Network sought to develop greater understanding of SAS causes and severity among
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BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to identify the genes that cause biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A two-stage genetic association study of 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 11 key cell cycle regulation genes was carried out. BCR-free survival after RP was evaluated in a discovery cohort of 458 patients with prostate cancer,
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05 for all points, N = 10). IES with these stimulation parameters increased plasma GLP-1 level at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) level at 30 min (N = 8). Exendin 9-39 blocked the inhibitory effect of IES on BG (p > 0.05, IES + Exendin 9-39 vs. sham-IES, N = 8).
IES with the most effective parameters derived in this study improves hyperglycemia in dia
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A majority of students reported positive experiences working with a variety of preceptors from different specialties (81%) and collaborating with students from other universities (62%).
A health system can leverage institutional, network-wide, and academic partner resources to implement a collaborative APPE curriculum during challenging times such as those experienced during the COV
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Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is uncommon in the pediatric age group and rarely occurs in neonates. It should be suspected in any neonate presenting with excessive urine output and hypernatremia that persists despite increased fluid administration. Diabetes insipidus may be secondary to asphyxia, intraventricular hemorrhage, infection, and structural abnormalities or may be idiopathic or genetic. Diagnosis
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The concept of an imaging-type 3D spin detector, based on the combination of spin-exchange interactions in the ferromagnetic (FM) film and spin selectivity of the electron-photon conversion effect in a semiconductor heterostructure, is proposed and demonstrated on a model system. This novel multichannel concept is based on the idea of direct transfer of a 2D spin-polarized electron distribution to image cathodolumin
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The Thrower’s Ten exercises represent an effective method to improve the balance
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of browsing TikTok for 20 min on patients’ preoperative anxiety.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2021 to March 2021. The 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group br
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Nutraceuticals, natural dietary and botanical supplements offering health benefits, provide a basis for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Use of CAM by healthy individuals and patients with medical conditions is rapidly increasing. For the majority of breast cancer patients, treatment plans involve 5-10 yrs of endocrine therapy, but hair loss/thinning is a common side effect. Many women consider this significan
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02. The median overall survival (OS) was 17.3 months in the higher NLR group (≥3.02) and 27.3 months in the lower NLR group (< 3.02) (p < 0.0001). This trend was also observed in both the ABI and ENZ groups (ABI 29.3 vs. 15.1 months; ENZ NR vs. 19.5 months; p < 0.0001 and < 0.0001, respectively). A multivariate analysis revealed that a higher NLR was an independent risk factor. The NLR value was thus shown to
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If additional PCV doses are recommended for some risk groups, especially in the context of routine schedules with reduced doses (e.g. 2 + 1 and 1 + 1), measures to improve implementation will be required.
Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society. According to WHO, fall is the second major cause of trauma or deaths resulting from unintentional accidents. The aim of this study
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05). CONCLUSIONS Congenital heart disease still represents a public health problem as a cause of death, particularly in the first year of life, with IMR in a linear growth trend. Deaths from CHD were more prevalent in male children, born prematurely, with low birth weight, born to mothers with low schooling and deliveries without medical care.OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxi
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Individuals with type 2 diabetes have a heightened risk of developing serious complications post hospital discharge. Web-based transitional care is a promising intervention to improve the glycemic control and quality of life of this patient group; however, whether web-based transitional care can improve the glycemic control and quality of life of this group remains unknown. Further, the mechanisms underlying the rel
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These findings propose a left-hemispheric basis of disgust, possibly due to asymmetrical representations of autonomic information into the individual forebrain. The present research supplies the first behavioral evidence of hemispheric lateralization of a specific feeling into the mental faculties, and plays a part in neurobiological models of disgust.Draw
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RESULTS During the study period (2010-15), the annual crude death reporting rates ranged from 6.5‰ to 7.0‰. The reporting rates of smoking status, smoking history and the number of cigarettes smoked daily were 95.5%, 98.6% and 98.6%, respectively. Compared to never smokers, the RR of ever smoking in males was 1.38 (95% CI 1.33-1.43) for all causes of smoking-related deaths and 3.07 (95% CI 2.91-3.24) for lu
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