Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
308,684 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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REB accumulation in the cheek pouch of hamsters treated with the R-NPs gel was prevented by an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CME) (40 μM dynasore). In conclusion, we designed an R-NPs gel and found that REB nanocrystals are taken up by tissues through CME, where they provide a persistent effect resulting in an enhancement of oral wound healing.The sensing of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) is highly desired, due
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OBJECTIVE This article describes the role of imagery in supervision which is a part of the work of both the supervisee and the supervisor. Imagination bears outstanding importance in psychotherapy and supervision. METHOD The relevant texts for this narrative review were identified through the Web of Science and PubMed databases, within the period 1990-2019. The search terms included Supervision, Co
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Why lightning sometimes has multiple discharges to ground is an unanswered question. Recently, the observation of small plasma structures on positive leaders re-ignited the search. These small plasma structures were observed as pulsing radio sources along the positive leader length and were named “needles”. Needles may be the missing link in explaining why lightning flickers with multiple discharges, but this
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Among the five KCNQ channels, also known as the Kv7 voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, KCNQ2-KCNQ5 control neuronal excitability. Dysfunctions of KCNQ2-KCNQ5 are associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, deafness, and neuropathic pain. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human KCNQ4 and its complexes with the opener retigabine or the blocker linopirdine at overall resolution
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Furthermore, NEDD4 overexpression in goose primary hepatocytes suppressed the PTEN and IGF1R protein levels without a significant effect on their mRNA expression. In conclusion, the increased expression of NEDD4 leads to the degradation of PTEN and IGF1R proteins through ubiquitination in goose fatty liver, suggesting that NEDD4 may protect goose fatty liver from severe steatosis-associated injury via its targ
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Patients with the balance position shifted out of the dissected region (43%) presented the highest functional improvement after intervention; whereas those with the balance position shifted to the abdominal region (25%) showed unsatisfactory results. The magnitude of distal shifting of the first balance position at 3 months post intervention was statistically related to the subsequent true lumen expansion and f
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Light-field microscopy is a scanless volumetric imaging technique. Conventional color light microscope employs a micro-lens array at the image plane and samples the spatial, angular, and color information by a pixelated two-dimensional (2D) sensor (such as CCD). However, the space bandwidth product of the pixelated 2D sensor is a fixed value determined by its parameters, leading to the trade-offs between the sp
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The amount of information is increasing rapidly to reach the capacity limit of single mode fiber. Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) as the eigenmodes of fiber have been demonstrated to increase the capacity in multiplexing optical communication. As a key component of CVB multiplexing, a sorter based on spin-dependent vortex Dammann grating has advantages of uniform power distribution and compact size. Here,
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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are major complications of Diabetes mellitus being responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. DFUs frequently become chronically infected by a complex community of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diabetic foot infections (DFI) are often recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics and alter
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UA levels were positively associated with muscle mass and strength, but not with functional capacity, in KTPs.Underwater acoustic localization is a useful technique applied to any military and civilian applications. Among the range-based underwater acoustic localization methods, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) has received much attention because it is easy to implement and relatively less affected by the underwa
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Palmar hyperhidrosis is a common disorder of excessive sweating due to over-stimulation of cholinergic receptors on eccrine glands.
To compare the efficacy of laser-assisted drug delivery of onabotulinum toxin A (BoNTA) and intradermal BoNTA injections in the management of palmar hyperhidrosis.
This intrapatie
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This report shows a simple solution cast methodology to prepare plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/methylcellulose (MC)-ammonium iodide (NH4I) electrolyte at room temperature. The maximum conducting membrane has a conductivity of 3.21 × 10-3 S/cm. It is shown that the number density, mobility and diffusion coefficient of ions are enhanced by increasing the glycerol. A number of electric and electrochemical propert
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Simulations demonstrate realistic tremor in a neuromuscular model of the wrist. In addition, changes to effort sensitivity in the optimal controller may account for some clinical features of parkinsonian tremor, including the characteristics of re-emergent tremor and the time-varying amplitude and frequency of tremor. Contextualization of the optimal control model with physiological models and clinical
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Acute dietary salt intake may cause an elevation in blood pressure (BP). The study aimed to assess the acute effect of saline loading on BP in subjects with different levels of salt intake. This study is based on the baseline survey of systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity study. The sodium excretion in the 24-hour urine was calculated for estimating the level of salt intake. Subjects were performed an acute oral sal
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The article deals with the issue of determination of the content of SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene) in polymer-modified bitumens (PMBs). The effect of SBS copolymer on the physical and rheological properties of bitumens has been thoroughly investigated and widely described in the literature. Condition surveys of structures and evaluation of the properties of materials used at construction sites have become a huge challenge
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This work may provide a reliable candidate for the synthesis of electromagnetic attenuation materials with fairly good performances.Digital therapeutics is a new approach to treat hypertension via using software programs such as smartphone apps and/or device algorithms. We develop a HERB system-new interactive smartphone app (HERB Mobile) with web-based patient management console (HERB Console)-to lower blood pressure (BP) b
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In order to understand the role of osmolytes in regulating physicochemical behavior of proteins, we investigated the influence of protein destabilizing (urea and guanidinium chloride) and stabilizing osmolytes (TMAO, glycerol, and betaine) on a model salt-bridge (SB) formed between structural analogues of arginine and glutamate/aspartate sidechains in a solvent continuum using first-principles quantum chemical calcu
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Other covariates considered included sleep continuity and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 44.8% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood abuse/neglect. Women with a history of emotional abuse had higher IL-6 levels than women without this history in multivariate models (β = 0.077, standard error = 0.032, p = 0.017). Results were not accounted for by covariates and persisted addit
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Various indicators of performance were analyzed for this study, including the resulting classification performance, game completion time, brain activation maps, and also subjective feedback from the pilot. Our results show that the closed-loop calibration paradigms with real-time feedback is more engaging for the pilot. They also show an indication of achieving better online median classification performa
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Experimental results show that the proposed approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of pedestrian detection on low-light images obtained by visible light imaging sensor.Gastric cancer (GC) represents a notable amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular basis of CG will offer insight into its pathogenesis in an attempt to identify new molecular biomarker
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© 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Secular increases in the burden of kidney failure is a major challenge for health systems worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to growing demand for expensive kidney replacement therapies. In LMICs with limited resources, the priority of providing kidney replacement therapies must be weighed again
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Genetically complex ocular neuropathies, such as glaucoma, are a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. There is a growing need to generate suitable human representative in vitro and in vivo models, as there is no effective treatment available once damage has occured. Retinal organoids are increasingly being used for experimental gene therapy, stem cell replacement therapy and small molecule therapy. There are multiple protoc
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During early HIV-1 infection, immunodominant T cell responses to highly variable epitopes lead to the establishment of immune escape virus variants. Here we assessed a type 1-polarized monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDC1)-based approach to selectively elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against highly conserved and topologically important HIV-1 epitopes in HIV-1-infected individuals fro
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Activation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a post-translational modifying enzyme, has been shown to be involved with several inflammatory and viral diseases.
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© 2020 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to be associated with dyslipidemia. However, differences concerning dyslipidemia during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the association between lipid profiles and OSA during REM or NREM sleep. METHODS This is a clinical cohort. A tota
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Precise identification of calcified structures may provide information about nutritional and/or pathological aspects of past individuals.
Sialoliths are less common than other types of calcifications, and only two cases were analyzed in this study.
SEM technology should be applied to identify the etiology of all minute calcified rem
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© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND The shutter-speed model dynamic contrast-enhanced (SSM-DCE) MRI pharmacokinetic analysis adds a metabolic dimension to DCE-MRI. This is of particular interest in cancers, since abnormal metabolic activity might happen. PURPOSE To develop a DCE-MRI SSM analysis framework for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases considering the heterogeneous tissue found
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