Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
361,055 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Furthermore, spiculated tumours tend to be of luminal A-like subtype, which is associated with a good prognosis. The establishment of associations between mammographic tumour appearance and clinico-pathological factors may aid in characterizing breast cancer at an earlier stage. This could contribute to more individualized breast cancer treatment in the future.M. tuberculosis GmhA enzyme cata
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And accordingly, the frequencies of regulatory CD8+ CD25+ T cells were also found significantly increased in these patients. Collectively, the results suggest that regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, the data indicate that NK cells might contribute to the COVID-19 associated lymphopenia.
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t al.Fast signaling from vision and proprioception to muscle activation plays essential roles in quickly correcting movement. Though many studies have demonstrated modulation of the quick sensorimotor responses as depending on context in each modality, the contribution of multimodal information has not been established. Here, we examined whether state estimates contributing to stretch reflexes are re
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31), -6.01 to +9.59 mmHg (mean = 1.79) for glaucoma group and -2.99 to +8.65 mmHg (mean = 2.83) for controls. Intraclass correlation coefficient for IOP measurement between tonopachy and Goldmann tonometer was 0.84 for total population, 0.85 for glaucoma group, and 0.63 for controls, respectively. Conclusion Corrected IOP obtained by tonopachy showed moderate agreement with GAT and it is more in g
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24 mm/d. The slowest healing occurred in the inflammatory group with an average healing rate of 0.032 mm/d. The initial area and perimeters influenced wound healing; however, ulcer etiology and comorbidities significantly altered the healing rate.
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Social dimensions of AS tool use emerged as distinct from, and equally important as decision support provided by the dashboard. Successful stewardship tools should be designed to support both the social and cognitive needs of users.
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08 to 0.45 and CODCr reduced 71.5% after an 80-min electrolysis, with 0.3 mM Fe2+ solution. The non-biodegradable chemical pollutants from the first stage AO process were degraded by EF. The non-biodegradable pollutants identified by LC-MS/MS in the effluent from AO process including aminopyrine, oxadixyl and 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid could be degraded by EF process, with the removal rates
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Asparagine (N)-linked protein glycosylation plays an important role in protein synthesis and modification. Two Zika virus (ZIKV) structural proteins, the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein are N-glycosylated. The prM protein of all ZIKV strains contains a single N-linked glycosylation site, while not all strains contain an N-linked site in the E protein. Our aim was to examine the impact of prM and E
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Age over 60 years, tumor with a maxillary origin, and microscopic bone invasion were negative prognostic factors. Radical CFR was correlated with better OS and DSS. Conclusion The high probability of achieving radicality with CFR, the low complication rate, the acceptable toxicity of modern irradiation modalities, and the promising survival rates indicate that this strategy might be considered a safe and
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19 among 20 hypothetical structures that are found potentially formable have an average coordination number larger than 6.5. By applying the t-SNE dimensionality reduction method, all the local structures represented by the OFM descriptors are integrated into a visible space to study the detailed correlation between their characteristics and the stability of the crystal structure to which they belong. We discover that u
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In addition, the skin penetration profile of essential oil from this vehicle was investigated, ex vivo, on pig ear skin, using Franz diffusion cells and analytical techniques such as confocal Raman microscopy. As the developed vehicle was found to meet our delivery expectations, its skin tolerance has been proven by an in vivo chromametric evaluation of its irritant potential. The skin persistence of this emulsion conta
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Interestingly, the third NES was important for the interaction of NS2 protein with CRM1. The findings in this study contribute to the understanding of IDV NS2 protein’s role during nucleocytoplasmic transport of influenza viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) and will also facilitate the development of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting nuclear export signals of IDV NS2 protein.Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a pr
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Our proposed metrics, based on the PWI mean transit time, for characterizing difference between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres demonstrate a very strong relationship with Doppler ultrasound based peak systolic velocity measured at stenosis. Our approach also highlights dependence of perfusion asymmetry on effective collateralization through the cerebral vasculature. In future studies, we plan to ext
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In advanced uterine cervical cancer, external radiotherapy with intracavitary brachytherapy has been established as a curative treatment method. However, in an environment where brachytherapy is difficult to perform, there has been an attempt to use only external radiotherapy. We report the results of eight patients over 65 years of age with advanced uterine cervical cancer who refused brachytherapy and
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Ultimately, the patient was discovered to have right-sided femoral-popliteal occlusion, and she required urgent femoral-tibial bypass. Despite an initial improvement in symptoms postoperatively, she continued to have lower extremity pain and recurrent arterial thrombi, even with antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. Eventually, the patient required a right-sided below the knee amputation. This case highlights the high index of suspicion
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I, 0-0.1]) and larger aortic root and tubular ascending aortic diameters than those without BAV (10.7 [95% CI, 10.7-10.9] mm vs 10.3 [95% CI, 10.2-10.4] mm; mean difference, 0.43 mm [95% CI, 0.2-0.6 mm] and 9.8 [95% CI, 9.6-10.0] mm vs 9.4 [95% CI, 9.3-9.5] mm; mean difference, 0.46 mm [95% CI, 0.30-0.70], respectively) (P < .001 for all). Aortopathy was seen in 65 newborns (33.2%) with BAV (62 with aortic z score ≥3; 3 with co
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Histological examination and cell proportions analysis mirrored these expression patterns. Accordingly, the orchestration of a quick phenotype transition prompted by BoNT/A may have the potential for promoting the resolution of the inflammatory lung. To our knowledge, this study represents the first research to investigate the pulmonary transcriptional responses of aerosolized BoNT/A exposure; th
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tasks, not affected by the direction. (d) However, for therapists with high client-specific self-efficacy, their underestimations were more associated with the less severe next-session symptoms of their clients than their overestimations. This association was not found among clients whose therapists’ self-efficacies for them were low. The findings provide a deeper insight into the congruence of the working alliance. (Ps
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