Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
331,813 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Novel HERV-W and HERV-H transcripts located at chromosome 7 regions were uniquely expressed in MS lesions, indicating their potential role in brain lesion evolution.
Novel HERV-W and HERV-H transcripts located at chromosome 7 regions were uniquely expressed in MS lesions, indicating their potential role in brain lesion evolution.Ammonia (NH3) is regarded as an important nitrogen oxides (NOx) precurso
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According to the fractography of the tensile-fractured surfaces undertaken using optical and scanning electron microscopy, fractures of the iron-bearing phases were found to be the source of cracking in alloys with high Si content. In the case of those with low Si content (≤3 mass%), cracks were believed to have been caused by the debonding of iron-bearing phases from the aluminum m
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All instructions needed to implement LaMDA are included in this paper.Selecting appropriate cancer models is a key prerequisite for maximizing translational potential and clinical relevance of in vitro oncology studies. We developed CELLector an R package and R Shiny application allowing researchers to select the most relevant cancer cell lines in a patient-genomic-guided fashion. CELLector leverages tumor
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For each sample, 72 l of seawater were filtered on board with a mesh size of 100 μm, where the presence of microplastics has been clearly observed. Our results reveal the presence of microplastics at least up to 1150 m depth, at the Northeastern Atlantic Subtropical Gyre with noticeable seasonal differences. The spatial distribution of these small fragments and fibers at the water column is
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An integrated continuous distribution system may help focus the debate on priorities that matter most to patients.PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development and implementation of ‘increased risk donor’ (IRD) status by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) was intended to guide patients and providers in decision making regarding risk of infectious transmission via solid organ transplantation. Several contemporary
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Genetic causes for ageing are traditionally investigated within a species. Yet, the lifecycles of many organisms intersect. Additional evolutionary and genetic causes of ageing, external to a focal species/organism, may thus be overlooked. Here, we introduce the phrase and concept of age-distorters and its evidence. Age-distorters carry ageing interfering genes, used to manipulate the biological age of o
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The administration of NSC1892 in mice also significantly inhibited tumor growth through degrading DDB1 and accumulating ST7. Interestingly, NSC1892 also showed promising cytotoxicity to decrease the growth of other CUL4A- or CUL4B-overexpressing tumor cells such as SKOV3 ovarian cells and Saos2 osteosarcoma cells. Our results provide a new avenue for the development of a therapeutic compound targeting tumors
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To compare the estimated quantity of intratumor gadoxetic acid retention using T1 mapping of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus conventional processing methods for the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions.
Seventy patients with hepatic lesions (colorectal metastasis (CRM) [n = 28], hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [n = 20], hemangioma [n =
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Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on persulfate (PS) has attracted great attention due to its high efficiency for degradation of organic pollutants. Manganese-based materials have been considered as the desirable catalysts for in-situ chemical oxidation since they are abundant in the earth’s crust and environment-friendly. In this study, manganese oxyhydroxide (MnOOH) was us
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Escape from cell death is a key event in cancer establishment/progression. While apoptosis is often considered as the main cell death pathway, upon caspase inhibition, cell death is rather delayed than blocked leading to caspase-independent cell death (CICD). Although described for years, CICD’s underlying mechanism remains to be identified. Here, we performed a genome-wide siRNA lethal
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No observed differences were identified in injury severity and need for either operating-room interventions or ED interventions for patients seen in consultation during SAH orders.
SAH orders resulted in a decreased volume of plastic surgery consults in the ED but did not alter patient demographics, injury severity, or need for procedural interventions. There was
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A mini-repertory for COVID-19 symptoms was published and supported by a web-based algorithm. With a choice of 20 common symptoms, this algorithm produced the same outcome as a full homeopathic analysis based upon a larger number of symptoms, including some that are traditionally considered more specific to particular medicines.
A repertory based on clinical data an
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50; (95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.81) for the highest MEDLIFE scores (14-23 points) compared to the lowest scores (0-9 points), p (trend)=0.004.
A higher level of adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD in a Spanish cohort. Public health strategies should promote the Mediterranean lifestyle to preserve cardiov
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The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal order of radiation therapy in patients affected by stage IIIA pathologic N2 (IIIA/N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to identify its potential risk factors.
17,654 (8786 men and 8868 women) diagnosed with NSCLC stage IIIA-N2 from 2004 to 2015 patients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and E
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The living room forms one of the crucial spaces in any home, acting as the primary spot for unwinding and hosting guests. Transforming the design of your living room can significantly impact the overall ambiance of your home. In this article, we will look at various methods to modernize your living space.
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Further studies are needed to better understand the role and neurobiology of depression, anxiety, and apathy in MCI. Copyright © 2020 Ma.The hippocampus features structurally and functionally distinct anterior and posterior segments. Relatively few studies have examined how these change during aging or in response to pharmacological interventions. Alterations in hippocampal connectivity and changes in glucose regulat
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To assess the impact of different types of dental prostheses, including definitive and interim restorations, on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before and after prosthetic treatment.
A total of 151 patients received prosthetic treatment at one of two German departments of prosthetic dentistry. The patients’ OHRQoL was assessed using the German version of the Ora
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Among molecular building blocks, metal oxide cluster anions and their countercations provide multiple options for the self-assembly of functional materials. Currently, however, rational design concepts are limited to electrostatic interactions with metal or organic countercations or to the attachment and subsequent reactions of functionalized organic ligands. We now demonstrate that bri
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Professional support to enhance the early parent-infant relationship in the first months after birth is recommended, but little is known about the effect of universal interventions. The objective was to investigate the effect of heal
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Sciatica is a common symptom for many people with degenerative lumbar spine diseases. It is by far the most common symptom of disc herniation. However, disc herniation is not the only cause of sciatica. Other degenerative lumbar spine diseases can provoke Sciatica. To date, few studies have analysed the cause of sciatica in particularly in elderly patients.
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554, RMSRE = 1.55, MAE = 5.076). The precipitation values are modelled with the CanEsm2 climate change model. To apply NDVI for runoff forecasting, a simple spatial-temporal GSGMDH based model was developed (average values; SI = 0.27; RMSRE = 8.27, MAE = 0.08). The forecasting results indicated that the months in which the maximum runoff occurred have changed, and these months have increased compared to the historic peri
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Background/Aims Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). The profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been considered to be critical for the induction of the fibrotic program. TGF-β has the ability to induce not only the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen, but also the production of plasminogen act
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ed over 108 weeks. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Dermatology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Dermatological Association.Legacy for Children™ (Legacy) is an evidence-based program focused on promoting sensitive, responsive parenting for socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Legacy has recently been culturally and linguistically adapted f
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Revealing of Bgl2 microcompartments and their mosaic arrangement summarized with the results obtained give the evidence that the functioning of ncGTGs in CW can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications and facilitated due to their compact localization. The hypothetical scheme of distribution of Bgl2 inside CW is represented.Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (H
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Vegetation-fire feedbacks are important for determining the distribution of forest and savanna. To understand how vegetation structure controls these feedbacks, we quantified flammability across gradients of tree density from grassland to forest in the Brazilian Cerrado. We experimentally burned 102 plots, for which we measured vegetation structure, fuels, microclimate, ignition success and fire behavior. T
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[This corrects the article DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0200342.].Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma that is etiologically linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Despite standard multi-chemotherapy treatment, PEL continues to cause high mortality. Thus, new strategies to control PEL are needed urgently. Here, we show that a phosphodegron motif within the KSHV
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Player-space distances have been measured to assess the distance of the player/team-line to relevant areas of the playing space. Several techniques have been applied to analyse the synchronisation (i.e., Hilbert transformation and cluster analyses) and the complexity and regularity or predictability (i.e., approximate entropies, sample entropy, cross-sample entropy and average mutual information) of the distance variables in
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xtent to which microbial dysbiosis in patients with pouchitis resembles that of CD or UC and the pathogenesis of pouchitis remains unclear. We investigated the functions in the gut microbiomes of these patients using metagenomics. We found that the noninflamed pouch is already dysbiotic and microbially is similar to CD. Our study reveals microbial functions with a potential role in pouchitis pathogenesis suc
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1, Ref. 109). Keywords COVID-19, cytokine, inflammation, vitamin D.
In this narrative review, our aim was to clarify the roles of diagnostic methods used in COVID-19 disease.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirusis emerged as the major healthcare challenge globally. The mainstay approach to limit this virus spread is an early and accurate di
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Difficulty in turning is prevalent in older adults and results in postural instability and risk of falling. Despite this, the mechanisms of turning problems have yet to be fully determined, and it is unclear if different speeds directly result in altered posture and turning characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of turning speeds on whole-body coordination and to explore if these can
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The synthesized compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Molecular docking simulations were performed to elucidate these inhibitors’ potential binding modes against hCA I and II isoforms and AChE. The novel compounds reported here can represent interesting lead compounds, and the results presented here might provide further structural guidance to
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The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of statins in improving cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia. As the most important etiological factors of the disease are atherosclerotic vascular lesions, one of the important areas of treatment is lipid metabolism analysis and drug treatment for dyslipidemia. 31 patients were selected for the study, ages 65-65 years, 18 males, 13 females. Tw
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Maternal depression at time 1 was associated with 53% increased odds (OR=1.53; B=0.43; p <.001) of food insecurity at time 2, controlling for time 1 food insecurity, concurrent depression, and covariates. Food insecurity at time 1 was associated with 36% increased odds (OR=1.36; B=0.31; p <.001) of maternal depression at time 2, controlling for time 1 depression, concurrent food insecurity, and covariates
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Nicotinamide (Nam, amide form of niacin acid or nicotinate), a precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), is important for normal physiological function of organisms. Nam also suppresses mobilization of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytoplasm through inhibiting ADP-ribose cyclase. Previously, we have demonstrated that a pharmacological dose of Nam normalizes maternal blood pressure in mouse
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CONCLUSIONS HIV infection is independently associated with sinus tachycardia and ST/T abnormalities. Further research is needed to investigate specific mechanisms by which HIV infection leads to ECG abnormalities and evaluate whether inclusion of ECG parameters improve CVD prediction. Integrating ECG screening into routine HIV care is recommended in China. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new c
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No inadvertent permanent facial nerve paralysis occurred. The median operation time was 72 min (23-211). The average patient scores of satisfaction with the surgical scar and with the surgery were 9.54 and 9.72, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individualized mini-Blair incision is feasible for benign as well as selected malignant parotid tumors. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.In hypotonic hyponatremia, which is the most common for
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Aspects of professional training and culture, social culture, and political as well as management issues are critical points to be considered in future interventions aiming at overcoming or weakening the barriers to implementing childbirth recommendations in Brazil.
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To assess non-invasive imaging for detection and quantification of gland structure, inflammation and function in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) using PET-CT with 11C-Methionine (11C-MET; radiolabelled amino acid), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG; glucose uptake marker), to assess protein synthesis and inflammation, respectively; multiparametric MRI evaluated salivary gland str
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Real-time echocardiography-fluoroscopy fusion imaging (FI) merges real-time echocardiographic imaging with fluoroscopic images allowing intuitive anatomical spatial orientation during structural heart disease interventions. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of FI during percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC)
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