Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
314,141 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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phatase. Ultraphonophoresis of the phytocomplex also contributed to balancing of the alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase content. As a result of the study, the effect of modulated sinusoidal currents electrophoresis and ultraphonophoresis of the phytocomplex on disruptions in the microcirculation system in the affected joint area and on changes in connective tissue metabolism parameters, me
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An alkaliphilic actinomycete, designated HAJB-30 T, was isolated from a soda alkali-saline soil in Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HAJB-30 T was most closely related to type strains of the genus Phytoactinopolyspora with sequence similarities ranging between 93.5 and 98.9%. Strain HAJB-30 T grew at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum pH 9.5-10.0)
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The “environmental” dimension included the changing scribe industry and need for standards. Within the “personal” dimension, themes included the need for provider diligence and training when using scribes. Finally, the “organizational” dimension highlighted the positive effect scribes have on documentation efficiency, quality, and safety.
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There is noncovalent interaction among all the individuals. Analysis of the morphological features of wear-track carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PO and its formulations with various additives is consistent with the above sequence. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2 indicates the existence of zirconium, cerium, molybdenum, and sul
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Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is known to react with various amines to generate substituted TCNQ derivatives with remarkable optical and nonlinear optical characteristics. The choice of amine plays a crucial role in the outcome of molecular material attributes. Especially, mono/di-substituted TCNQ’s possessing strong fluorescence in solutions than solids are deficient. Furthermore, cation recognition in the
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The strain ratio values correlated inversely with the FEV
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It was also observed that prokaryotic diversity and abundance were higher in the more oligotrophic ABt and ABg forest despite the constantly waterlogged condition. In MPS, the methanotroph Methylovirgula ligni was found to be the major species in this forest type that utilize methane (CH4), which could potentially be the contributing factor to the low CH4 gas emissions. Aquitalea magnusonii and Paraburkholderi
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The protocol settings were used without adaptations in 75% of low-flux iHD, 93% of high-flux iHD, and 84% of oHDF sessions. Minor adjustments of the calcium flow rate were made within the first 2 hours. We did not observe any clinically relevant differences between the three modes regarding flow rates, systemic iCa, post-filter iCa, pH, or bicarbonate levels.
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Our findings open the possibility for a major change in how the Eyes Test is used to inform diagnosis in ASD. LAY SUMMARY The Eyes Test is used worldwide to inform autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis. We show here that ASD and neurotypical adults show the most difference in performance on subgroups of items ASD adults do not improve as expected when comparing easy and difficult items, and they do not show an
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Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) may be considered for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and a relative/formal contraindication to anticoagulation. This study aimed to summarize the impact of aging on LAAO outcomes at short and long-term follow-up.
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Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a pan-negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and a tumor suppressor in several cancers, but its involvement in melanoma is largely unexplored. Here, we aim to determine the role of LRIG1 in melanoma tumorigenesis, RTK signaling, and BRAF inhibitor resistance. We find that LRIG1 is downregulated during early tumorigenesis and
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Taken together, these results suggest that Tregs are activated by cytokines, mainly IL-2, released from T cells that are activated by a specific antigen. Subsequently, these activated bystander Tregs contribute to the fine-tuning of highly antigen-specific immune responses.
Therapeutic alternatives to simplify antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children are needed
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Nyctotherus galerus was placed in the paraphyletic family Nyctotheridae, as sister taxon to all other Nyctotherus and Clevelandella species isolated from cockroaches. Clevelandella lynni fell in the monophyletic family Clevelandellidae, as sister taxon to C. panesthiae KC139718 but with very poor statistical support. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE In Europe, MMA is a very rare non-i
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Increasing evidence has indicated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve an essential role in carcinogenesis and cancer development. It has been reported that lncRNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 (NNT‑AS1) serves a crucial role in several types of cancer. However, the clinical significance of circulating NNT‑AS1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be elucidated. The
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In today’s rapidly evolving world, the attention on renewable energy has never been more important. As global demand for energy increases, it becomes vital to explore clean alternatives that reduce our carbon footprint. This article delves into the significance of sustainable energy and how it can shape our future.
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By contrast, eosinophil (p=0.0001), lymphocyte (p=0.0001), platelet levels (p=0.0001) were calculated as significantly higher in negative Sars CoV-2 patients.
In the light of the obtained results, the CRP, LDH, PLR and NLR levels remained significantly higher in COVID-19 positive patients, while eosinophil, lymphocyte, and platelet levels were significantly elevated in
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Background/Aim Despite the inflammatory nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), limited data are available on the association of inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to investigate the association of inflammatory potential of the diet (IPD) score and odds of UC in a case-control study. Methods Patients with UC were enrolled from Iranian IBD registry, whose disea
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(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Hostile resistance (clients’ openly combative behavior directed at therapists) predicts poor outcomes in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder, but its origins are poorly understood. It is important to have a holistic understanding of the etiology of hostile resistance that incorporates the therapeutic context if these behaviors-and their negative consequence
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65 kJ mol-1 of docked structure. The Ksv obtained for ABR-KI was similar to that for ABR- ctDNA -KI demonstrating no protection by ctDNA against quenching effect of KI. Thus, suggesting involvement of groove binding between ABR and ctDNA. No change in the fluorescence intensity of ABR-ctDNA was observed in presence of NaCl. Thus, ruling out the involvement of electrostatic interaction. The
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The outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on timely recognition of the underlying cause of cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform analysis to differentiate primary VF from secondary asphyxia-associated VF may allow tailoring of therapies to improve cardiac arrest outcomes. Therefore, the primary goal of this investigation was to develop a novel technique utilizing wav
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In the culinary world, French pastries are renowned for their superior savor and intricate methods. Whether you’re a home baker or a professional pastry chef, understanding the craft of making French pastries can greatly enhance your cooking repertoire. This article will assist you in master the key elements of creating these treasured treats.
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Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous selection of conditions described as the buildup of clonal mast cells in body organs like the skin and bone marrow. As opposed to adults, most affected kids only have cutaneous involvement. This short article product reviews the molecular pathogenesis, skin conclusions, mast cell mediator-related symptoms, evaluation, and manageme
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Infections are a frequent complication and a major cause of death among patients with cirrhosis. The important impact of infections in general and especially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis on the course of disease and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis has been recognized for many years. Nevertheless, such importance has recently increased due to the comprehension of infection as one of the most prominent r
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Notably, the increase of base substitutions in the homologous recombination-deficient Rad51 mutant, specifically dependent on the Polζ translesion polymerase, yields COSMIC signature 3 observed in BRCA1/BRCA2-mutant breast cancer tumors. Furthermore, “mutome” analyses in highly polymorphic diploids and single-cell bottleneck lineages revealed a diverse spectrum of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) signatures characteri
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Different results might be expected in relapsing forms, non-responsive forms, long lasting forms, or atypical variants in which major damage could be provoked by the persistence of otoconia in the canal or by its complete or partial jam.
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The most prominent difference in stonefly community structure was between spring runs, spring seeps and summer dry streams vs. upland perennial streams. Approximately 88% of species collected had univoltine-fast life cycles and 79% likely had an extended period of egg or larval diapause. Due to the predominance of small upland perennial and summer dry streams, species commonly typically found in larger lotic
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In the culinary world, French pastries are renowned for their superior savor and intricate methods. Whether you’re a home baker or a professional pastry chef, understanding the craft of making French pastries can greatly enhance your cooking repertoire. This article will assist you in master the key elements of creating these treasured treats.
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The leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is an invasive pest of vegetable and horticultural crops in China. In this study, a microinjection method based on dsRNA was developed for RNA interference (RNAi) in L. trifolii using genes encoding vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase). Expression analysis indicated that V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D were more highly expressed in L. trifolii adults than in larvae or pupae. Microi
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