Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
342,161 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Since the pandemic began in 2020, Remdesivir has been widely used for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Here, we describe a case of a patient with COVID-19 who developed transient complete atrioventricular (AV) block and bradycardia after initiating treatment with Remdesivir.
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Potential release quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from hydrochar (HDOM) in various environmental conditions were investigated. Corn cobs were utilized as model agricultural residue to prepare the hydrochar. Four extracts, ultra-pure water, acid solution, alkali solution and salt solution, and two temperatures, 20 °C and 60 °C, were adopted to imitate various environmental conditions. E
DammMoran5762
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In this paper, we investigate the effects of the latent period on the dynamics of infectious disease with an imperfect vaccine. We assume a general incidence rate function with a non-monotonicity property to interpret the psychological effect in the susceptible population when the number of infectious individuals increases. After we propose the model, we provide the well-posedness property by verifying the non-
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05). ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in the comparisons of SQOL. On the other hand, NDI scores were statistically significantly lower in baseline of stand-alone anchored spacer and the plate-screw construct compared with both immediate postoperative and last follow-up visits (
≤ .05).
Our study results revealed that the stand-alone anch
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NMR spectroscopy is an effective technique, applicable for studying bioactive materials or drug delivery systems in order to obtain comprehensive details related to structural and dynamic characteristics at atomic resolution. The applications of NMR spectroscopy have been increased considerably as a result of the combination of advancement in technological NMR instrumentation and scientific knowledge. This chapte
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In eyes with axial length <26.0mm and axial length ≥26.0mm, 29 peripheral and seven superior peripheral points showed significant improvements in visual field sensitivities, respectively.
Visual field sensitivity reduction occurred mainly in the nasal region of the glaucomatous hemifield. Differences in axial length alone were not a promin
TobinJonassen8441
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Currently, metabolic syndrome has become a global health problem. Alterations in neurocognitive functions among patients with metabolic syndrome are important issues in this disorder. In this paper, studies on metabolic syndrome were reviewed and their importance emphasized for the benefit of experts and policy makers. Metabolic syndrome activates inflammatory mediators that disrupt brain metabolism. These mediators can b
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Overall survival was 11.4 months (±8.6). Median GFAP value was 70% (range, 5-100%). The ROC curve showed the clinically relevant cut-off for GFAP at 75% (area under the curve 0.691). Accordingly, GB patients with GFAP ≥75% presented poorer survival on Kaplan-Meier survival estimation (p=0.021). Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, extent of resection, preoperative Karnofsky performance status scale, IDH1 mutation and
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pathomechanism of these specific injuries which may have an important impact on knee biomechanics and the outcome of ACL reconstruction.
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Ghana is usually a transit and location place for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South The usa to other African nations around the world, Europe, and to a lesser extent North America; not a major source for drugs getting into America; restricted local usage of
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with knowledge and practice scores in multivariate logistic regression.
This study was aimed to assess the patient’s knowledge and awareness about hypertension and adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive patients.
The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three medical clinics of Colombo South Teaching hospital, Kalubowila,
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US Soccer eliminated soccer heading for youth players ages 10 years and younger and limited soccer heading for children ages 11-13 years. Limited empirical evidence associates soccer heading during early adolescence with medium-to-long-term behavioral deficits. The purpose of this study was to compare sensory reweighting for upright stance between college-aged soccer players who bega
MunchKelley0884
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Women with hereditary bleeding disorders, including carriers of hemophilia A and B, or with von Willebrand illness, have an elevated chance of bleeding during maternity and distribution. The unborn son or daughter can also be impacted by the bleeding disorder for which certain measures have to be considered. This invo
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Cell senescence is a process that causes growth arrest and the release of a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), characterized by secretion of chemokines, cytokines, cell growth factors and metalloproteases, leading to a tissue condition that may precipitate cancers and neurodegenerative processes. With the recent pandemic of coronavirus, senolytic drugs are being considered as possible therapeutic
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Thus, TMEM173 is a key regulator of blood clotting during lethal bacterial infections. Optogenetic perturbations, live imaging, and time-resolved ChIP-seq assays in Drosophila embryos were used to dissect the ERK-dependent control of the HMG-box repressor Capicua (Cic), which plays critical roles in development and is deregulated in human spinocerebellar ataxia and cancers. We established that Cic target genes are
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Vorinostat
Positioned at the axis between the cell and its environment, mTOR directs a wide range of cellular activity in response to nutrients, growth factors, and stress. Our understanding of the role of mTOR is evolving beyond the spatial confines of the cytosol, and its role in the nucleus becoming ever more apparent. In this review, we will address various studies that explore the role of nuclear mTOR (nmTOR) in specif
McNeilMogensen8153
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The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate, from patient’s perspective, the aspects of the relationship between low back pain and sexual life on physical, psychological and social aspects of individual’s life. In addition, this study aims to explore patients’ opinions on the role of health care providers in addressing and treating low back pain-related sexual problems.
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Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a triad of spastic tetraplegia or diplegia, congenital ichthyosis, and intellectual disability.
We report a seven-years-old female born to consanguineous parents who presented with erythematous dry scaly skin all over the body sparing the face, without collodion membrane which started since birth. There were assoc
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CP456773
Peptides have become excellent platforms for the design of peptide-nanoparticle hybrid superstructures, owing to their self-assembly and binding/recognition capabilities. Morover, peptide sequences can be encoded and modified to finely tune the structure of the hybrid systems and pursue functionalities that hold promise in an array of high-end applications. This feature article summarizes the different methodolo
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Heart failure (HF) was traditionally been defined by symptoms due to fluid accumulation and poor perfusion, but it is now recognized that specific HF classifications hold prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Specifically, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic pump function and dilation and HFpEF is defined primarily due to abnormal LV filling (di
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STUDY OBJECTIVE To employ systems biology-based machine learning to identify biologic processes over-represented with genetic variants (gene enrichment) implicated in post-surgical pain. DESIGN Informed systems biology based integrative computational analyses. SETTING Pediatric research and teaching institution. INTERVENTIONS Pubmed search (01/01/2001-10/31/2017) was performed to identify “training” genes associated
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01), and severe necro-inflammatory activity (p = 0.001). Associated comorbidities were found in 71.6%, mainly coronary artery and gastrointestinal disorders. The cumulative incidence in the region was 2.6 per 10,000 inhabitants. Our data highlight the role of reference hospitals in Brazil’s public health system in the treatment of HCV. Low incidence rates demonstrated the fragility of municipalities in the acti
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Even though complex, IVF treatment may seem routine today, but it was not always the case. In this review the evolution of human IVF is presented as a series of innovations that resolved a technical hurdle in one component of IVF while creating challenges that eventually lead to the next major advancement. This step-by-step evolution in the treatment of human infertility is recounted in this review.The global prevalence
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amphetamine-variety stimulants (ATS) and cannabis dominate the domestic illicit drug market and proven probable for enlargement, with ATS accounting for that preponderance of detected imports; domestic heroin current market is little, but also proven some expansion; as of 2020, Malaysia was the main embarkation stage for heroin and ATS imports apart from MDMA (ecstasy) for which South Korea was the principal embarkation p
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The etiology of the Walch type B shoulder remains unclear. We hypothesized that a scapulohumeral muscle imbalance, due to a disturbed transverse force couple (TFC) between the anterior and posterior rotator cuff muscles, may have a role in the pathogenesis of the type B morphology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether th
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In this study, the phase transition phenomena of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and linear or star-shaped poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AA-co-MA)) in highly concentrated KCl solutions were investigated. The effects of polymer molecular weight, topology, and composition on their phase transition behavior in solution were investigated. The cloud point temperature (TCP) of polymers drastically in
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Digital literacy has become a essential competency in today’s technology-focused world. Whether you’re a student, professional, or a retiree, being digitally literate allows you to traverse the online landscape with ease. Meal portioning explores the value of digital literacy, setting the stage for its broad implications.
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We suggest that humans tend to be particularly tuned to personal doubt, which is especially loud and ambiguous. People exhibiting less threshold for uncertainty, such as those with anxiety, may have greater difficulty mastering in uncertain personal contexts and therefore provide a great test populace to probe learning characteristics under uncertainty. Making use of
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Purpose There is equivocality regarding the interaction between vitamin D and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of IGF-1 by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched up to May 2019 fo
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The strain was 99% similar to budgerigar adenovirus 1 (BuAdV-1), previously reported in Japan, and to a psittacine adenovirus 5 recently identified in a U.S. cockatiel. Salmonella typhimurium carriers were identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture and compared with viral carriers identified via PCR. Inclusion bodies and Salmonella detection were significant in birds with gross lesions v
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01, and P = .043) and the norepinephrine level (P < .001) at 1, 6 and 24 hours; and decreased the xanthine oxidase level (P = .049, P < .001) at 6 and 24 hours after tourniquet release compared with the Control group. Other measurements, including creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, malondialdehyde, interl
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A wood burning stove can create a warm and inviting atmosphere in any room. New regulations have replaced the old fireplaces that emit smoke.
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Màn hình tương tác mưu trí Gaoke 65 inch có thời gian dùng sản phẩm khá lâu, đáp ứng lên đến 30.000h. Chính chính vì vậy, đầu tư dòng sản phẩm này quý khách sản phẩm ko muốn quá lăn tăn hay do dự về chất lượng sản phẩm gần giống độ bền của chính nó. Ngoài kĩ năng hiển thị thương hiệu và video clip hóa học lượng cao, trang thiết bị cũng có thể
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mpensatory mechanisms can develop and chain; therefore, a complex approach to physical therapy in THA patients is needed. The number of significant differences found in kinematic parameters between pTHA and rTHA was low a year after the surgery. Compared to CON, both the THA groups exhibited similar mechanisms causing worsening their gait dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Gait in both the THA groups was characterized b
KirkegaardCostello4292
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Overall these results indicate that the degree of chitin deacetylation, the acetylation pattern and its regulation of mitochondrial ROS are the key determinants of its immune enhancing effects.The ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter coefficients of tissues are relevant acoustic parameters due to their wide range of clinical applications. In this paper, a linear least-squares method for the esti
MoserSkaaning3236
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The current work presents a promising approach to stabilize Li metal anodes for next-generation Li secondary batteries.Background There is no standard surgical method for treating pancreatic head tumors with fat replacement of the pancreatic body and tail. Total pancreatectomy procedures are usually performed to excise pancreatic head tumors and lead to endocrine function loss and subsequent development of diabetes. We pr
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Our results provide further evidence that parkin downregulation might be a common and systemic phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases with TDP- 43 loss-of-function.A common hypothesis explains autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder linked to excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance in neuronal network connectivity. Mutation of genes including Met and downstream signaling components, e.g., PTEN,
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Three aroma-producing compounds were identified via GC-MS-namely, methyl-3-methoxy-4H-pyran-4-one, hexahydro-3-(methylpropyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and hexahydro-3-(methylphenyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.As a main component of the stratum corneum, ceramides can construct protective lamellae to provide an epidermal barrier against dehydration or external microorganisms. However, as cera
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Almost spherical benznidazole microparticles with a smooth surface and size around 10-30 μm were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies suggested a partial reduction of drug crystallinity. Moreover, the relative oral bioavailability of the novel benznidazole microparticles showed that the area under the curve for the microencapsulated drug was 10.3 times high
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The environment is a very significant factor in early childhood development. Season of birth (SOB) is a proxy viable for the environment to which the babies are exposed, thus also significant in early development. This study investigates the association between SOB and personality. A total 2,962 college students were included as study participants. The participants were classified into four seasonal groups
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Due to diverse symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and the high prevalence of SCA3 in China, a more in-depth study of Chinese SCA3 patients in a large cohort is well merited.
During the last 10 years, 730 patients and 133 premanifest individuals from 667 SCA3 families genetically confirmed to have SCA3 were enrolled from t
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The results prove that the proposed solution produced char characterized by the appropriate properties to be classified as smokeless coal.The existence of the exclusion zone (EZ), a layer of water in which plastic microspheres are repelled from hydrophilic surfaces, has now been independently demonstrated by several groups. A better understanding of the mechanisms which generate EZs would help with understand
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Medication organizers increased compliance, but they do not contain child protective packaging. Medications organizers have been involved in some pediatric exposures; however, previous reports do not describe if “one pill can kill” (1PCK) medications were involved in the exposures. 1PCK medications may cause toxicity even with a single tablet.
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However, the combination of NIR-PIT and CTLA4 blockade was less effective in MC38-luc tumors (11%) than the combination of NIR-PIT and PD-1 blockade (70%). Nonetheless, in many cases ineffective results with NIR-PIT and PD-1 blockade were reversed with NIR-PIT and CTLA4 blockade.The aim of this study was to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as the usage behavior, usability, acceptance, and
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Ga-fibroblast activation protein-specific enzyme inhibitor 04 (FAPI-04) is a radiolabelled molecular agent targeting the inhibitor of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is often present in tumor stroma and inflammatory tissue with prominent fibroblast proliferation. FAPI-04 is a promising PET tracer for tumor imaging as well as IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
We herein pre
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No statistically significant difference between the wound on the neck and in the oral cavity was found. The most frequently isolated bacterial family was Enterobacteriaceae. Other more commonly isolated bacteria species were Staphylococcus spp. (G+), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Corynebacteruim spp. (G +) and Acinetobacter baumanii (G-). Conclusion Based on the most commonly isolated groups of pathogens we concluded that probably
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After single application of 2 mg/kg sildenafil loaded in STGC-bilosomes, behavioral and biochemical evaluation was carried out. Behavioral assessment recorded an increased rats’ potency manifested as 2 folds increase in intromission frequency and intromission ratio compared to untreated group. That was accompanied by significant increase in cGMP concentration in corpora cavernosa (P less then 0.0001) confirming increas
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Hydrogen bonding to both of these codon positions is significantly weakened when C at position 2 is changed to G, A or U. These sequence-sensitive mRNA-ribosome interactions at the C1054-A1196-R146 (CAR) surface potentially contribute to the GCN-mediated regulation of protein translation.Tropospheric delay is a major error source that affects the initialization and re-initialization speed of the Global Navigation Satellite S
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