Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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Internuclear distance determination is the foundation for NMR-based structure calculation. However, high-precision distance measurement is a laborious process requiring lengthy data acquisitions due to the large set of multidimensional spectra needed at different mixing times. This prevents application to large or challenging molecular systems. Here, we present a new approach, transferred-rotational-echo double resonan
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Aloysio de Castro (1881-1959) is now remembered as one of Brazil’s greatest physicians and is considered the father of Brazilian neurological semiology. However, his interests went far beyond the realm of Medicine, and he became one of the most illustrious intellectuals of his time. In 1927, he gave a speech at the São Paulo Society of Artistic Culture on Frédéric Chopin and embarked on a journey across the composer’s
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BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a respiratory disease caused by the proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is known that the lung ECM is mainly composed of a three-dimensional fiber mesh filled with various high-molecular-weight proteins. However, the small-molecular-weight proteins in the lung ECM and their differences between normal and fibrotic lung ECM are
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Objectives To identify a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomic signature for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in stage IV anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib. Materials and Methods This retrospective proof-of-concept study included a cohort of 63 stage IV ALK-positive NSCLC patients who had received TKI
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This study revealed that exogenous high-dose melatonin could reduce these adverse effects of RFR. Limiting RFR exposure as much as possible is recommended, and taking daily melatonin supplements may be beneficial. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
The aim of this study was retrospective assessment of late major reoperations after surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spo
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Both the left and right UF-FA correlated with the global (noun + verb) production and noun production in the whole PD group. In right-sided PD, correlations were found with the contralateral UF-FA; in left-sided PD the correlations emerged with both the left and right UF-FA. The more difficult task, noun production, significantly correlated with the right UF-FA in left-sided PD. The left UF is involved in word selection process
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Ceramic pottery is a revered art form that connects functionality with visual appeal. As an integral part of cultural heritage, it reflects human creativity and craftsmanship. Be it for domestic use or artistic expression, ceramic pottery still captivate enthusiasts and artisans alike. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of ceramic pottery, unde
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In this qualitative study, women with episodic migraine after receiving comprehensive chiropractic care described chiropractic as a multimodal intervention where they learned about musculoskeletal contributions to migraine, discovered new ways to affect their symptoms, and developed a collaborative patient-practitioner relationship. The results of this study provide insights into perceptions of chiropractic care amon
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To compare social cognition performance between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and those patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the synovial joints. A highly potent antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), maraviroc (MVC), plays an essential role in treating several infectious diseases but has not yet been evaluated for its potential effects on RA development. This study focused on evaluating the therapeutic potential of MVC on collagen-induced arth
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One of the outstanding issues at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental biology is how these various modes of regulatory evolution translate to morphological change, and particularly macro- and microevolutionary patterns and whether evolutionary novelties are associated with distinctive patterns of regulatory change.The process of multicellular organismal development hinges upon the specificity of d
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Our model demonstrated a good distinguishing ability for these common lung problems in children. Among the three methods, the one-versus-one scheme has the best performance. We could detect whether a chest X-ray image is abnormal with 92.47% accuracy and bronchiolitis/bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, pneumothorax, or normal with 71.94%, 72.19%, 85.42%, 85.71%, and 80.00% accuracy, respectively. In conclus
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Carboplatin is a potent cytoreductive agent for a variety of solid tumors. However, when delivered systemically, clinical efficacy for the treatment of high grade gliomas is poor due to limited penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Direct intracerebral (IC) convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of carboplatin has been used to bypass the BBB and successfully treat the F98 rat glioma. Based on these studies, we init
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Individual cells detach from cohesive ensembles during development and can inappropriately separate in disease. Although much is known about how cells separate from epithelia, it remains unclear how cells disperse from clusters lacking apical-basal polarity, a hallmark of advanced epithelial cancers. Here, using
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The findings of this study provide coaches and strength and conditioning coaches further knowledge of the peak physical demands in elite futsal competition. This valuable information may lead to a more precise position-specific training prescription.Perfectionism has been studied for almost 30 years. In the present study, we investigated the internal validity of The Perfectionism Inventory (PI-Hill et al., 2004) in an o
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e., the number of CD20 cells within 20 µm radii of CD20 and CD4 cells, termed the CD20 Cluster Score, yielded a highly significant association with OS (HR 0.38; p = .003). Notably, the CD20 Cluster Score significantly correlated with better OS and disease-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 0.34 and 0.47; p = .001 and 0.019) as well as with lower local recurrence rate (OR 0.13; p = .028). Taken together, our study
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IntroductionIn the realm of physics, String Theory emerges as a fascinating topic that continues to fascinate researchers for decades. Understanding String Theory isn’t just crucial for scientific endeavors, but it also holds significant impacts for how we view the cosmos around us. This article seeks to offer a detailed overview of this intricate field, breaking down its core components.
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However, selection on floral traits was not pollinator-mediated in C. cylindrica or C. xantiana, despite variation in pollinator visitation and the extent of pollen limitation across communities for C. cylindrica. As such, interactions between co-occurring species may alter patterns of selection mediated by abiotic agents of selection. This article is protected by copyright. All
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After the sudden death of captive marmosets in São Paulo, Brazil, we conducted a histologic and microbiologic study. We found hyperacute septicemia caused by hypermucoviscous sequence type 86 K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae. We implemented prophylactic antimicrobial therapy, selected dedicated staff for marmoset interactions, and sanitized the animals’ fruit to successfully control this outbreak.We describe the clinical, s
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Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explore
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In participants with baseline malaria parasitemia, the PRNT seroresponse proportion was lower, while PRNT GMTs and GP-ELISA seroresponse and GMTs showed a trend toward lower responses at 6 and 9-12 months.
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This narrative review addresses the neural bases of two executive functions criterion setting, that is, the capacity to flexibly set up and select task rules and associations between stimuli, responses, and nonresponses, and monitoring, that is, the process of continuously evaluating whether task rules are being applied optimally. There is a documented tendency for criterion setting and monitoring to differentially recruit
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BACKGROUND Bevacizumab and aflibercept are currently the mainstay of antiangiogenic therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). They are often used in sequence with first- and second-line chemotherapy, especially in patients with RAS-mutated tumours. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of patients with mCRC treated with the bevacizumab-aflibercept sequence in real-wo
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