Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
333,306 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Two nitrogen-rich azo-bridged porphyrin porous organic polymers (Azo-Por-Bpy-POP and Azo-Por-Dadp-POP) with high surface areas were prepared by coupling 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-nitrophenyl)-porphyrin with the aromatic amines of 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diamine (Bpy) and diaminodiphenyl (Dadp). Azo-Por-Bpy-POP and Azo-Por-Dadp-POP display high photocatalytic reduction activity for CO2 to CO under visible-light irradiation wit
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A small wood stove can be an ideal addition to any home. They can be used for heating small rooms and some are even portable enough to take camping.
This stove is stylish in its look and meets the EPA emission standards, while taking up minimal space. It al
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Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) is the most common aetiology of haemolytic anaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia in foetuses and neonates. Studies on thedistribu
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The increasing complexity in the care of these critically ill patients is a strong incentive for a multidisciplinary approach.
Early clinical diagnosis, timely and adequate source control and antiinfective therapy are the essential pillars of the management of peritonitis in ICU patients.
Early clinical diagnosis, timely and adequate source contro
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How to Properly Operate a Woodburning Stove
Wood stoves are an excellent way to heat your home. They’re also affordable. Smoke from wood stoves can be harmful to your health. It is crucial to know how these appliances function and to use them correctly.
A lot of modern stoves rely on secondary o
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Exposure to pesticides and consumption of high-fat diets are widespread in society. Reports have shown that exposure to glyphosate and a high-fat diet can cause gastrointestinal disorders and increase susceptibility to obesity. Thus, this study evaluated the impacts of perinatal exposure to glyphosate followed by consumption of a high-fat diet in adulthood on the histology and morphometry of jejunums and enteric nervous system of C57B
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Overall, our data reveal temporal and spatial variation of PTC-mediated readthrough in animals, and suggest that readthrough may be a potential rescue mechanism for PTC-harboring transcripts when the NMD surveillance pathway is inhibited.Shark nurseries are essential habitats for shark survival. Notwithstanding the rich fossil record of the modern great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, GWS), its use of nursery areas
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Rilematovir in vitro
Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning. LAY SUMMARY Atypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investi
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Further, these CCCs were employed in the design of new divalent NI compounds (nitreones) which carry coordination bonds between ligands and N+ center. The molecular and electronic structure properties, and the donor→acceptor coordination interactions present in the resultant low oxidation state divalent NI compounds have been explored.An advantage of therapeutic ultrasound (US) is the ability to cause controlled biologic
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ALK signaling pathway
Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] accounting for thousands of cases and deaths across the world. Several alternatives in treatment options have been assessed and used in this patient population. However, when mechanical ventilation and prone positioning are unsuccessful, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [VV-ECMO] may be us
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We evaluate whether patient exposures such as tobacco use are associated with high systemic or local invivo oxidative state and with increased invivo polyethylene oxidation.
We performed a case-control study which evaluated clinical factors associated with high systemic or local invivo oxidative state among patients whose implants have been identified as demonstrating either
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How to Properly Install and Maintain an Outdoor Wood Burner
Outdoor wood burners are often called wood boilers. They resemble small sheds with a short smokestack. They heat water, or a combination of antifreeze and water which is then circulated throughout the house.
When outdoor wood boilers that are EPA-approved are used with dry wood, the
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A previously healthy 20-year-old female presented to the emergency room in April 2020 with complaints of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. She was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and pulmonary embolism (PE). Workup for anemia led to the diagnosis of sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 are at an increased risk for the development of PE and venous t
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비아마켓은 최근 많은 소비자들 사이에서 주목받고 있는 온라인 쇼핑 플랫폼입니다. 다양한 상품을 편리하게 구매할 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 그와 함께 정품과 가짜 상품을 구분하는 것이 점점 더 중요해지고 있습니다. 많은 쇼핑객이 비아마켓에서의 구매 경험을 통해 진짜와 가짜를 혼동하는 경우가 빈번하기 때문에, 이를 해결하기 위한 스마트한 쇼핑 가이드를 제공하고자 합니다.
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The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains dopamine neurons intermixed with GABA-releasing (expressing vesicular GABA transporter, VGaT), glutamate-releasing (expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGluT2), and glutamate-GABA co-releasing (co-expressing VGluT2 and VGaT) neurons. By delivering INTRSECT viral vectors into the VTA of double vglut2-Cre/vgat-Flp transgenic mice, we targeted specific VTA cell po
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The mechanisms underlying Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine’s protective effects against tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood but are proposed to involve a predominantly cell-mediated process. However, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of antibodies in the control of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and in the immune response to BCG.
We did a systematic review of studie
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Green plants on the earth have evolved intricate mechanisms to acclimatize to and utilize sunlight. In Arabidopsis, light signals are perceived by photoreceptors and transmitted through divergent but overlapping signaling networks to modulate plant photomorphogenic development. COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) was first cloned as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis in higher plants and has been extensi
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects those with low socioeconomic status. Evidence from the past 2 decades has revealed clearer distinctions on the mechanisms of poverty that affect long-term outcomes in SLE. Poverty exacerbates direct, indirect, and humanistic costs and is associated with worse SLE disease damage, greater mortality, and poorer quality of life. Ongoing commitments from medicin
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The macroscopic Oxford ACL classification system well described the disease progression where the cartilage defect extends posteriorly with ACL damage. However, 38% of ACL deficient knees had well-preserved posterior cartilage with no evident tibial anterior translation.Irisin is a promising therapeutic target in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as studies have demonstrate
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Our results improve the understanding of the difficulties to obtain ASE at room temperature from these quasi-2D materials and are expected to guide possible materials improvement in order to exploit their excellent emission properties also for the realization of low threshold optically pumped lasers.Nonlinear optical microscopy that leverages an objective based total internal reflection (TIR) excitation scheme
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OBJECTIVE Emotional intelligence (EI) is the recognition and management of emotions within oneself and others. Limited evidence exists that determine whether EI is related to stress and burnout. PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to determine whether relationships exist between EI, stress, and burnout levels among undergraduate dental hygiene students. METHODS This study used a quantitative cross-se
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among aging males with the etiology remaining unclear. We recently found myosin II was abundantly expressed in rat and cultured human prostate cells with permissive roles in the dynamic and static components. The present study aimed to explore the expression and functional activities of myosin II isoforms including smooth muscle (SM) myosin II (SMM II) and no
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PURPOSE To determine the efficacy, risk factors for failure, and adverse events of a standalone novel ab-externo SIBS microshunt with mitomycin C (MMC) during 1-year follow-up. DESIGN Retrospective, interventional case series. SUBJECTS Glaucomatous eyes with an IOP above target and/or progressing on maximally tolerated medical therapy. METHODS Consecutive patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG
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In a secondary use application, we predicted COVID-19 test results using structured patient data (e.g. vital signs and laboratory results) and automatically extracted symptom information, to explore the clinical presentation of COVID-19. Automatically extracted symptoms improve COVID-19 prediction performance, beyond structured data alone.
To improve access to palliative care, identification of patients in
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The analysis based on the data of cases from onset may detect the start times of clusters seven days earlier than similar research based on diagnosis dates. Our analysis of space-time clustering based on the data of cases on the family-level can be reproduced in other countries that are still seriously affected by the epidemic such as the USA, India, and Brazil, thus providing them with more precise signa
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Findings of this study suggested that exposure to organic solvents is associat
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Maintaining a Wood Burning Fireplace
Nothing warms a house like the crackle of a wood burning fireplace. It is essential to keep your fireplace in good condition to prevent the build-up of dangerous creosote.
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The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak coupled with the most recent outbreaks in Central Africa underscore the need to develop effective treatment strategies against EBOV. Although several therapeutic options have shown great potential, developing a wider breadth of countermeasures would increase our efforts to combat the highly lethal EBOV. Here we show that human cathelicidin antimicrobial pepti
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However, hrHPV type 35 may account for a greater contribution to the cervical cancer burden in La Libertad. Further research, specifically on cervical tumor specimens, is needed.
The prevalence of hrHPV genotypes in Peru may differ from those observed in North America and Europe. Loreto appears to follow the prevalence trend observed in North America, with hrHPV type 16 account
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This study demonstrates the mean angle of diaphyseal non-unions from long bones of the lower limb approaches 45 degrees. This is noted in all types of fractures and is irrespective of anatomic location or sex. This confirms the hypothesis that shear is likely to play a role in the development of a non-union. This study provides further evidence that non-unions occur primarily due mechanical instability.
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Taken together, these results demonstrate that BmSCRB8 acts as a pattern recognition protein and plays an essential role in silkworm innate immunity by enhancing bacterial clearance and contributing to the production of AMPs in vivo.
Codeine treatment has been shown to be associated with glucolipid deregulation, though data reporting this are inconsistent and the mechanisms are not well understood.
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The organisation of a military health system (MHS) differs from the civilian system due to the role of the armed forces, the unique nature of the supported population and their occupational health requirements. A previously published review of the Military Medical Corps Worldwide Almanac demonstrated the value of a standardised framework for evaluation and comparison of MHSs. This paper proposes such a framewor
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This report describes the clinical and pathologic characteristics of cystic and myxomatous lesions of synovial joints in 16 cats. The average age was 13.4 years. The elbow was most commonly affected (12/16), and all lesions were unilateral. Degenerative joint disease was a frequent concurrent but bilateral condition. The lesions consisted of fluid-filled cysts lined by synoviocytes (3 cases), solid foci of stellate cells in
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비아그라 가격
비아그라는 남성의 성기능 개선을 위해 널리 사용되는 약물로, 많은 사람들이 이 약물에 대해 궁금해하고 있습니다. 성적 이슈에 대한 사회적 인식이 변화하면서 비아그라의 수요도 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 비아그라를 구매하려는 사람들을 위한 다양한 정보가 필요해졌습니다.
이 기사에서는 비아그라의 구매처와 가격, 그리고 처방전 없이 쉽게 구입하는 방법에 대해 자세히 안내해 드리려고 합니다. 비아그라를 찾고 계신다면 이 가이드를 통해 올바른 선택을 하는 데 도움을 받을 수 있을 것입니다. 다양한 비아그라 구매 사이트와 그 특징들을 살펴보며, 보다 안전하고 효과적인 구매 방법을 알아보겠습니다.
비아그라 구매 방법</h
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A final study extended our findings to the domain of prosocial behavior. Consistent with a reasons-based explanation, poor targets were viewed as having better moral character than wealthy targets when their behavior benefitted others, and wealthy targets were viewed as having more extrinsic reasons to behave prosocially. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Number processi
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This article provides a brief overview and application of MOST and factorial trial design in palliative care research, including our insights from conducting a pilot factorial trial of an early palliative care intervention to enhance the decision support skills of advanced cancer family caregivers (Project CASCADE).
Patient prognostic understanding is improved by oncologists
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Inclusions of pathogenic deposits containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are evident in the brain and spinal cord of patients that present across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, the majority of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (up to 97%) and a substantial proportion of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (~45%) exhibit TDP-43 positive neuronal inclusions, su
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We deem a computer to exhibit artificial intelligence (AI) when it performs a task that would normally require intelligent action by a human. Much of the recent excitement about AI in the medical literature has revolved around the ability of AI models to recognize anatomy and detect pathology on medical images, sometimes at the level of expert physicians. However, AI can also be used to solve a wide range of nonint
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