Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
357,767 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Case studies and a performance evaluation show that the solution is suitable for fault localization in communication networks in terms of speed and reliability.The micronutrients iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential for plant survival and proliferation but are crucial for human health. Increasing Fe and Zn levels in edible parts of plants, known as biofortification, is seen a sustainable app
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Also, Barbadin mildly enhanced the expression of P62 mRNA and arrested 63.7% of cells in G0/G1 phase. In parallel, the drug-induced apoptosis in 29.9% of cells (by AV/PI) and 27.8% of cells were trapped in sub-G1 phase. The apoptotic effect of Barbadin was enhanced when autophagy was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin). Conclusively, the data demonstrate the dual autophagic and apoptotic effects of β-βArr/AP2
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Coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) consists of a γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) domain, two epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains and a protease domain. FVIIa binds three Mg2+ ions and four Ca2+ ions in the GLA domain, one Ca2+ ion in the EGF1 domain and one Ca2+ ion in the protease domain. Further, FVIIa contains an Na+ site in the protease domain. Since Na+ and water share the same number of electrons, Na+ sites
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The potential applications of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) devices include biosensors for the detection of trace amounts in biosciences, biotechnology, and pathogens that are relevant to medical diagnostics and food control. In the present study, the silver (Ag) film thickness (56 nm) of an MEF system was calibrated to maximize the depth-to-width ratio (Γ) of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) active metal fro
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Laboratory executive function (EF) constructs, such as response inhibition, are often conceptually linked with self-report measures of impulsivity, yet their empirical correlations are low. We examined, in two twin studies (Ns=749 and 761 individuals with EF data), the phenotypic and genetic overlap of three EF latent variables (a Common EF factor predicting response inhibition, working memory updating
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Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is a well-known technique for feature extraction and discriminant analysis in chemometrics. Despite its popularity, it has been observed that PLS-DA does not automatically lead to extraction of relevant features. Feature learning and extraction depends on how well the discriminant subspace is captured. In this paper, discriminant subspace learning of che
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate impact of baseline systemic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use in diabetic macular edema (DME). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a post hoc exploratory analysis of previously completed randomized, controlled clinical trials (VISTA and VIVID) in patients with DME evaluating intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) every 4 weeks (2q4) or every 8 weeks (2q8) or macular laser
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B cells play an important pathological role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we investigated the role of metabolic regulator mTOR in B cells and its relevance to the pathology of RA.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 31 normal subjects and 86 RA patients and the gated B cells were assessed for mTOR phosphorylation and chemokine receptor expression. In vit
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Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have increased risk of cognitive disabilities for reasons not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated signs of disrupted fetal brain growth from mid-gestation measured with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infants with CHDs have decreased brain volumes at birth. We measured the total and regional brain volumes of infants with and wi
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By Feb 27th , 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused 82623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013 respectively. COVID-19 has spread to 46 countries internationally. Total fatality rate of COVID-19 is estimated at 3.46% by far based on published data fro
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We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest oversensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reser
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We further highlight the potential of novel high-throughput methodologies to contribute to a better understanding of this devastating disease and to the improvement of the clinical management of patients.The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and,
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The interobserver agreement was estimated using the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). Regarding primary tumors, agreement was good irrespective of the level of experience, reaching a W-value of 0.70 overall, 0.71 among subspecialized, and 0.71 among nonsubspecialized observers. Regarding LNs, interobserver agreement was moderate to good, with W-values of 0.52 overall, 0.64 among subspecialized, and 0.45 amon
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In China, the overall seroprevalence of H5N1 infection among humans was 2.45% (862/35,159), while the seroprevalence of H5N1 infection among humans from central China was 7.32% (213/2,911), higher than those in other regions of China. The seroprevalence of H5N1 infection was associated with test method, sampling time and demographic characteristics of humans. However, there was no significant difference
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“然後我會帶你們踅會考材，能分爲幾等自發就看你們對勁兒的了。”說完還饒有興趣的看了看蕭炎。
胡獨語氣無獨有偶跌落，這些乘着九人的賭氣光團便是慢慢悠悠下滑到地帶上述。
衆人正要到本地，身爲剎時上路讓愜意一度。
何方料到可巧一轉頭特別是總的來看毫微米之外不無一度龐然大物的停機坪，垃圾場後背是好幾遠佳的建築物。
聽由草場依然故我建築物兩旁都是略爲圓熟微型車兵鎮守，看着這無懈可擊的地方，蕭炎也是無影無蹤在累累詳察。
“吃力胡師伯了，胡師伯下去歇吧，這些人造帶去補考就好。”
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Moreover, redundancy and complementarity analyses of hit lists from different query seeds and different 3D similarity VS tools showed that the combination of different query seeds and/or different 3D similarity tools in VS campaigns retrieved more (and more diverse) active molecules. These findings provide useful information for guiding choices of the optimal 3D molecular similarity tools for VS practices and desig
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The purpose of this review is to describe antifungal therapeutic candidates in preclinical and clinical development derived from, or directly influenced by, the immune system, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Although the focus of this review is AMP with direct antimicrobial effects on fungi, we will also discuss compounds with direct antifungal activity, including monoclonal antibodies (mA
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Furthermore, the scaling behavior between the Knight shift and 1/T_1T has also been discussed. Finally, the present results imply a considerable exchange interaction in infinite-layer nickelates, which sets a strong constraint for the proposed theoretical models.The spin-to-charge conversion of the Ag/Bi interface is studied in a device in which a spin current can be injected
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mRNA expression of Tnfa, Tgfb, and Ngf was significantly increased in injured IVDs. Tnfa was predominantly expressed in the CD11b ( +) fraction, and Tgfb in the CD11b (-) fraction. Ngf expression was comparable between CD11b ( +) and CD11b (-) fractions, and between wild-type and Tnfa-KO mice at post-injury day (PID) 1, 3, and 7. SB431542 suppressed TGF-β-mediated Ngf expression and NGF production in vitro.
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What things to Realize Before Buying Grown-up Products: A Comprehensive Manual
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The growing reputation of adult produ
MathisRosa2016
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The incidence of cutaneous melanoma, an important global public health problem, has been increasing over the last several decades.
In order to decrease melanoma-related mortality, ways to communicate and implement the correct methods for conducting primary and secondary prevention measures (such as early detection via self-examination) should be investigated.
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Given our findings, the sudden shift to online education might have overwhelmed medical students. Thus, we recommend that educators inform learners that online learning is not inferior to in-person learning, which could atte
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A statistically significant difference was found between marital status and country on ON, with the highest mean score seen among Lebanese singles. In Lebanon, having a low of BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 compared to a high BMI was significantly associated with lower ON tendencies, while this association was not significant among Polish participants. This study was the second to focus on the prevalence of ON in Western and non-W
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Getting a driver’s license is an important step for anyone who wishes to drive. Nevertheless, it is also a severe responsibility that should be taken seriously. This post will take a look at the functions of a driving license, how to acquire one, and its significanc
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Two new sets of Schiff bases 2-chloroquinolin-3-yl-methylene-pyridin-2-amine (CMPA) and 2-chloroquinolin-3-yl-methylene-pyrazole-5-amine-3-thole (CMPT) and their respective palladium (II) complexes have been synthesised and characterized with the aid of elemental analysis, IR, 1H &13C NMR, UV-Vis., and electrochemical studies. The surface morphology of palladium complexes were examined by Scanning Electron Micro
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Gunshot wounds (GSW) are one of the most lethal forms of head trauma. The lack of clear guidelines for civilian GSW complicates surgical management. We aimed to develop a decision-tree algorithm for mortality prediction and report long-term outcomes on survivors based on 15-year data from our level 1 trauma center. We retrospectively reviewed 96 consecutive patients who presented with cerebral GSWs between 2003 and 2018.
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular acute events. A role of neuroinflammation is suspected, but not yet investigated in the gyrencephalic brain and the related activity at blood-brain interfaces is unknown. A non-human primate model of advanced atherosclerosis was first established using longitudinal blood samples, multimodal imaging and gene analysis in aged animals
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Brown adipocytes, which contain abundant mitochondria, use stored energy as fuel during a process named nonshivering thermogenesis. Thus, the pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for treating obesity. We investigated the effect of fruit of Hovenial dulcis Thunb. (FHD), a frequently used herbal treatment for liver diseases, on thermogenesis and
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BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a reduced ability to regulate emotion and impulses during the life span. Working memory and executive functions (EFs) are cognitive regulatory systems supported by networks involving the pre-frontal cortex. Studies in EDs found impaired functioning in these domains, showing an association between EDs and the reduced ability to control emotions and impulses. OBJECTIVE T
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Background Individuals with mental disorders need continuous and efficient collaboration between different sectors of care. In 2012, a new law in Germany enabled the implementation of novel budgets in psychiatry (flexible and integrated treatment = FIT). Hospitals implementing FIT programs have been evaluated in controlled cohort studies. We present first results based on a meta-analysis from 13 FIT hospitals. Method
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Monoxenous (one host) trypanosomatids from insects and other invertebrates can be introduced into axenic culture relatively easily and efficiently, allowing for their transfer from the field into the laboratory. Here we describe simple methods and alternative cultivation protocols, the wider application of which will allow substantial expansion of trypanosomatids available for research.PURPOSE The clinical outcome
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The endpoint of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) and SCRT with delayed surgery (SCRT-DS) on a selected subgroup of frail patients with locally advanced middle/low rectal adenocarcinoma.
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