Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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The skeletal torso is a complex structure of outstanding importance in understanding human body shape evolution, but reconstruction usually entails an element of subjectivity as researchers apply their own anatomical expertise to the process. Among different fossil reconstruction methods, 3D geometric morphometric techniques have been increasingly used in the last decades. Two-block partial least squares analysis ha
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Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Background Despite the growing number of studies on the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in people with schizophrenia, there is limited research on participant views of such treatment methods. Aim Explore participant experiences and perceptions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods Twelve people with schizophrenia took part
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Introduction:In today’s rapidly-moving world, handling stress has become a crucial skill for people. Whether facing work demands or private difficulties, the capacity to effectively reduce stress can have a lasting impact on your overall well-being. This article seeks to offer valuable advice and tactics for anxiety management.
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The results are consistent with theories of emotional distress in psychosis. However, the small number of longitudinal papers limits what can be concluded about the direction or other temporal characteristics of these relationships. Therapies that target unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may beneficial. PRACTITIONER POINTS Negative beliefs about experiences of psychosis are associated with greater emotional distress such as depres
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Chromatin function in telomeres is poorly understood, but it is generally viewed as repressive. Yet, telomeric DNA sequences are transcribed into long non-coding RNAs named TElomere Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). As TERRA molecules mostly localize at telomeres, major research efforts have been made to understand their functions, and how TERRA transcription is regulated and affects telomere structure. This review describes th
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Zinc rich epoxy (ZRE) coatings can provide sacrificial anode protection for metal substrate. Electrically conductive fillers can be added into ZRE coatings to create electroconductive network and improve the utilization of zinc particles. Inspired by the structure of reinforced concrete, in this work, carbon fibers with a length of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm were used as electrically conductive fillers t
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Conscious living has become a popular term in today’s fast-paced world, emphasizing the necessity to be present. By adopting mindfulness, individuals boost their mental clarity, navigate stress more efficiently, and nurture a more centered mindset. This article uncovers the core of mindfulness and its effect on individual well-being.
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BACKGROUND Automated de-identification methods for removing protected health information (PHI) from the source notes of the electronic health record (EHR) rely on building systems to recognize mentions of PHI in text, but they remain inadequate at ensuring perfect PHI removal. As an alternative to relying on de-identification systems, we propose the following sol
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We propose a fully automated novel workflow for lipidomics based on flow injection, followed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FI/LC-HRMS). The workflow combined in-depth characterization of the lipidome achieved via reversed-phase LC-HRMS with absolute quantification by using a large number of lipid species-specific and/or retention time (RT)-matched/class-specific calibrants. The lipidome
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The red snapper Lutjanus campechanus is an exploited reef fish of major economic importance in the Gulf of Mexico region. Studies of genome wide genetic variation are needed to understand the structure of wild populations and develop breeding programs for aquaculture but interpretation of these genome scans is limited by the absence of reference genome. In this work, the first draft of a reference genome was developed a
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Cisplatin-associated electrolyte dysregulation is a prevalent therapy-related adverse effect. There are numerous electrolyte-supplemented hydration regimens that have been evaluated, however these studies focused on the development of nephrotoxicity. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of magnesium and potassium-supplemented hydration during cisplatin administration on subsequent magn
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Heart failure is a major public health problem, and abnormal iron metabolism is common in patients with heart failure. Although iron is necessary for metabolic homeostasis, it induces a programmed necrosis. Iron release from ferritin storage is through nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated autophagic degradation, known as ferritinophagy. However, the role of ferritinophagy in the stressed heart remains unclear
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Authors, editors and peer-reviewers should make an effort to improve completeness and adequacy of Cochrane RoB assessment in non-Cochrane reviews. OBJECTIVES Classical meta-analyses routinely treated studies with no events in both arms non-informative and excluded them from analyses. This study assessed whether such studies contain information and have influence on the conclusions of meta-analyses. DESIGN
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