Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
368,971 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease, is one of the most common respiratory diseases in premature new‑born humans. Mitochondria are not only the main source of reactive oxygen species but are also critical for the maintenance of homeostasis and a wide range of biological activities, such as producing energy, buffering cytosolic calcium and regulating signal transduction. Ho
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The horizontal inequality index for adult obesity decreased from 0.1377 in 1997 to 0.0164 in 2011; for central obesity, it decreased from 0.0806 in 1997 to -0.0193 in 2011. The main causes of inequality for both diseases are, among others, economic status, marital status and educational attainment.
From 1997 to 2011, the prevalence of adult obesity and central obesity increase
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ALK inhibitor
RESULTS Both storage environment and duration were associated with sample genotyping call rates (p-values less then 0.001). Sample call rates were associated with storage duration independent of storage environment (p-trend = 0.006 for DBS archived in an uncontrolled environment and p-trend = 0.002 in a controlled environment). However, 95% of the total sample had high genotyping quality with a call rate ≥ 95.0%, a standard thresh
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Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are RNA-protein assemblies that are involved in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and are linked to memory, development, and disease. Some RNP granules form, in part, through the formation of intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions. In vitro, such trans RNA condensation occurs readily, suggesting that cells require mechanisms to modulate RNA-based condensation. We as
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It has been observed to attain tight blood glucose control we need to increase insulin dose in group A from 45.5 ± 16.5 IU/Day to 51.5 ± 14.5 at week 12 (P<0.01) and which further increased to 53.8 ± 12.8 IU/Day at week 24 (P<0.01). Adding remogliflozin showed significant effect on blood pressure (P < 0.001) and weight reduction (P < 0.001). It has been observed that 38% patients has achieves targeted HbA1c (≤7%)
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ility of multiple exogenous small oligonucleotides targeting VZVsncRNA to inhibit VZV replication strengthens the possibility that they may inform development of novel treatments for painful herpes zoster. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers, stabilized in a prefusion-closed conformation, can elicit humoral responses capable of neutralizing HIV-1 strains closely matched in
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The incidence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis is unclear; existing estimates differ by a factor of ten. Complete population-level data is needed to provide accurate estimates with high confidence. A total of 123,814 adults with psoriasis, free from pre-existing psoriatic arthritis, were identified in population-based data from secondary care in Sweden during 2007 to 2017. Incidence was calculated as
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Relacorilant clinical trial
OBJECTIVES To examine patterns of change in later-life social connectedness (1) the extent and direction of changes in different aspects of social connectedness – including size, density, and composition of social networks, network turnover, and three types of community involvement; and (2) the sequential nature of these changes over time. METHOD We use three waves of nationally representative data
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01 g/day). In conclusion, salt intake estimated from spot urine was high in patients with gastric cancer, especially in H. pylori infected patients. Spot urine is a simple examination and it may be applied as a new risk assessment of gastric cancer. Copyright © 2020 JCBN.We aimed to clarify the influence of preoperative synbiotic therapy on surgical-site infections (SSIs) after hepatic resection. Between January 20
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Preceding the laboratory session with a lecture or educational video yielded higher satisfaction scores.
This brief teaching intervention illustrates an approach to introducing dermatologic entities within the foundational science curriculum of the first year of medical school.
This brief teaching intervention illustrates an approach to introducing dermatologic ent
HeinHandberg3023
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Core-shell nanocatalyst activities are chiefly controlled by bimetallic material composition, shell thickness, and nanoparticle size. We present a machine learning framework predicting strain with site-specific precision to rationalize how strain on Pt core-shell nanocatalysts can enhance oxygen reduction activities. Large compressive strain on Pt@Cu and Pt@Ni induces optimal mass activ
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In default of severe regulatory issues, the concept of ArtIBs is proposed as a novel exploitable category of biomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical applications, resulting from simple fabrication and envisaging soft developmental routes to clinics. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Conventional approaches to sound localization and separation are based on micr
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A healthy diet is important for optimal child growth and development. School-based opportunities to encourage children to achieve healthy eating behaviors should be explored. Nutrition education programs can provide school children with classroom-based nutrition education and access to fruits and vegetables (FV). However, the effectiveness of specific program components implemented separately has not yet been compr
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sults suggest that the inhibitory effect of the OIE on adipogenesis may potentially inhibit the cell cycle and phosphorylation of IR, leading to a decrease in glucose uptake to the cells. The OIE also slows down the mitochondrial activity of the early phase of cell differentiation, which can also inhibit the development of fat cells.In recent years, it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released by almost al
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This studied aimed at improving the mechanical properties for a new biopolymer feedstock using laser-sintering technology, especially when its laser-sintered parts are intended to be applied in the industrial and medical fields. Process parameter optimization and thermal post-processing are two approaches proposed in this work to improve the mechanical properties of laser-sintered 10 wt % cellulose-polylactic a
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Mental health has a notable and perhaps underappreciated relationship with symptom intensity related to musculoskeletal pathophysiology. Tools for increasing awareness of mental health opportunities may help musculoskeletal specialists identify and address psychological distress and unhealthy misconceptions with greater confidence. One such type of technology-software that identifies emotions by analyzing facial express
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To characterize the health behaviors and outcomes of first-year international students (FYIS) studying in the U.S.
Three different cohorts of FYIS from a large midwestern university in the U.S. completed three laboratory visits between August and March. The study began in 2017 and ended in March 2020. Anthropometrics, acculturative stress, eating behaviors, sleep, physical activity, and eating habi
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A systemic review was performed to evaluate the epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical features of sarcopenia, the relationship of sarcopenia with critical illness and its impact on mortality, and diagnostic methods and treatment modalities. Generally, in the presence of critical illness, sarcopenia is not included in the treatment approach strategies. An intensivist should be aware that s
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or siκB-Ras2 into TAMs inhibited miR-99b antagomir-triggered tumor growth. Finally, miR-99b expression was lower in TAMs of patients with liver cancer than that in adjacent tissues, while the expression of κB-Ras2 and mTOR was reversed.
Our results reveal the mechanism of miR-99b-mediated TAM phenotype, indicating that TAM-
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infection should be excluded when SLE patients, especially if on long-term immunosuppressants, present withfever, cough, lymph node enlargement, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash. Controlling the lupus and timely antifungal treatment can improve the outcomes ofSLE patients with
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It is well known that incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO) is an effective approved treatment for dynamic wrinkles of the upper face caused by the action of mimetic muscles over time. In doing so, it is important to maintain a balance between muscle groups and a natural facial appearance. Patients differ enormously in their facial anatomy regarding structure and function, both within and between genders, ethnicities,
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The present study’s results addressed relevant issues that include valuing and understanding the traditional knowledge of the community, access to health services, and the need for clarification actions about seizures.Metal organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanostructures (MDC) synthesized by either calcinations or carbonization or pyrolysis are emerging as attractive materials for a wide range of applications like b
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Data on paracetamol pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are lacking, and there is no high-quality evidence to guide paracetamol prescribing practices in these patients. Adult data have been extrapolated to pediatric populations; however, extrapolation does not address differences in paracetamol metabolism in adults versus children; the efficacy and saf
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Overall, 3 RCTs (330 patients) and 7 cohort studies (2897 patients) were included. Seven studies came from Eastern Countries. Meta-analysis on RCTs evidenced that drain avoidance halves overall morbidity (RR = 0.47, 95%CI 0.26-0.86, p = 0.014) and slightly reduces length of stay (SMD -0.24, 95%CI -0.51-0.03, p = 0.083). Only one postoperative death occurred in the drain group. The other outcomes were either not reported or
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This paper reports the manufacturing by 3D printing of scaffolds for in-situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite using aqueous suspensions of alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-grafted cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Bifunctional CNF with carboxyl and aldehyde moieties were prepared from bleached bagasse pulp and crosslinked with PVA. Aqueous hydrogels for 3D printing were prepared by directly mixing PVA-grafted CNF with so
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282, p = 0.07) showing that high levels of tTGA are associated with increased risk of total villous blunting. There was a weak, negative correlation between tTGG and focal villous blunting (r = 0.409, p = 0.009) showing thathigh levels of tTGG are associated with a greater risk of focal villous blunting (p less then 0.01) while tTGG and total villous blunting was a weak negative correlation (r = -0.330, p = 0.03) s
HolcombMcGinnis4651
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There are limited methods to predict the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The purpose of this study was to explore the value of circulating microparticles (MPs) in predicting thetherapeutic effects of immunotherapy.
A prospective study was conducted at the cancer center of PLA general hospital, including all patients with advanced non-small
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This dataset is related to the article entitled “Left Common Carotid Artery Biomechanical Properties in Individuals over 80 years Women Have Stiffer Vessels” published in Annals of Vascular Surgery in August 2020 [1].Meta-analysis, a systematic statistical examination that combines the results of several independent studies, has the potential of obtaining problem- and implementation-independent knowl
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To identify predictor variables for both PLOS and in-hospital mortality, multivariate logistic regression was performed at p-value 7 days (p less then 0.0001) were independent predictors for PLOS. Conclusion In-hospital mortality rate was almost comparable to reports from developing countries, though it was higher than the developed countries. However, the length of hospital stay was extremely higher than that of r
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Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a major risk factor for the development of oropharyngeal cancer. Automatic detection of HPV in digitized pathology tissues using in situ hybridisation (ISH) is a difficult task due to the variability and complexity of staining patterns as well as the presence of imaging and staining artefacts. This paper proposes an intelligent image analysis framework to determine HPV status
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between these modalities when compared together. Therefore, further larger studies comparing those different thromboprophylaxis modalities and their combinations are needed to provide more robust results for future clinical recommendations.Objective To analyse the clinicopathological features of isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. Methods This retrospective study an
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Dietary supplementation with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) concentrates has recently emerged as a possible means to improve the health of infants and young children, or defense against infections. We identified 5 double-blind, randomized, controlled trials (DBRCT) exploring the effects of supplementing the diet of infants and children with bovine MFGM concentrates on infections. We reviewed 3 studies wh
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Inhibition of AMPK activity and PGC-1β expression diminished the anti-steatotic effect of NTP in hepatocytes. JNK inhibition could also be associated with NTP-mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation, but we did not find the association between AMPK and JNK. These results suggest that NTP inhibits lipid accumulation by maintaining mitochondrial function in hepatocytes via AMPK activation, or by inhibiting JNK.Skel
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COVID-19 has reinforced the centrality of health workers at the core of a well performing and resilient health system. It has concomitantly exposed the risks of staffing and skills shortages and the importance of protecting the health workforce. The present commentary focuses on highlighting some of the lessons learnt, challenges and future needs of the health workforce in Europe in the context
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To review the effectiveness of noninvasive multitarget stool DNA testing as a screening test for colorectal cancer.
We performed a retrospective review of patients referred to 2 high volume outpatient procedural centers for colonoscopy for positive Cologuard test. Positive findings for colorectal cancer based on pathologic findings and also advanced adenomas were recorded. Positi
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Considering the high expectations invested in approaching therapeutic solutions, the scientific community must be careful not to raise unrealistic expectations. Today more than ever, the conclusions drawn in scientific reports have to be fully supported by the level of evidence, avoiding any sort of unfounded speculation.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high rates of morbidi
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Results from bayesian analyses suggest that ASSRs are unaffected by visual load. These findings imply that attentional resources are modality specific and that the attentional filter of auditory processing does not vary with visual task demands.Adaptation to optical prisms (Prismatic Adaptation, PA) displacing the visual scene laterally, on one side of visual space, is both a procedure for investigating
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Using molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools, we studied the vector-host interactions and the molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV) in western Iran. Mosquitoes were collected during 2017 and 2018. DNA typing assays were used to study vector-host interactions. Mosquitoes were screened by RT-PCR for the genomes of five virus families. WNV-positive samples were fully sequenced and evolu
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Blood damage estimations were below threshold levels and achieved design requirements; however, maximum scalar stress levels were above the target limit. Radial and axial forces were less than 1 N and 10 N, respectively. The performance data trends for physical prototypes correlated with theoretical expectations. The centrifugal prototype was able to generate slightly higher pressure rises than numer
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TAS-102 is a preconstituted drug combination comprising an oral fluoropyrimidine (trifluridine, TFT) and a potent inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase (tipiracil hydrochloride, TPI). TFT/TPI has recently received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval also for the treatment of gastric cancer after at least two lines of chemotherapy. The approval was based on a large phase 3 trial (T
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π-Conjugated semiconductors, primarily composed of elements with low atomic number, are regarded as promising spin-transport materials due to the weak spin-orbit coupling interaction and hence long spin relaxation time. Moreover, a large number of additional functions of organic semiconductors (OSCs), such as the abundant photo-electric properties, flexibility, and tailorability, endow the organic spintronic devices mo
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Ultrasound elastography can quantitatively assess biomechanical properties of the placenta in conditions where placental function is compromised.The Cu-catalyzed click conjugation of an azide-functionalized vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and an alkyne-labeled 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) led to the formation of a highly stable fluorescent BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 (λex/λem = 495/
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Scanning electron microscopy and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic (TNBS) assays revealed the correlation between high mechanical properties and a combination of low porosity and high degree of crosslinking. By simply tuning IF parameters without changing other fabrication steps, such as crosslinker concentration, ELAC threads with a wide range of mechanical and geometric properties were fabricated. The average tensile modul
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Here we discuss the importance of inflammation in mediating atherosclerosis and its complications and provide a timely update on “new” and “old” anti-inflammatory therapies currently being investigated to target it.Medicinal plants have provided numerous medicinal active ingredients for thousands of years and these ingredients have been used in Chinese medicine (CM) and tra
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ave significantly improved OS and PFS, a reduced level of VEGF and a lower incidence rate of adverse reactions, so Endostatin+TAI+TACE is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
Gastric carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related morbidity throughout the globe. There are limited clinical therapies for gastric cancer due to lack of effective drugs and ambiguity i
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DSC and XRD studies confirmed the formation of telmisartan-oxalic acid cocrystals. Computational simulation approach revealed that telmisartan and oxalic acid can interact with each other in the presence of methanol and water where oxalic acid can form interactions principally with the others. The interactions, thereof, may form several associations or bondings in between the drug and carrier modify
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Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve the efficiency and accuracy of health care delivery, but how will AI influence the patient-clinician relationship? While many suggest that AI might improve the patient-clinician relationship, various underlying assumptions will need to be addressed to bring these potential benefits to fruition. Will off-loading tedi
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