Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
359,185 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Serum levels of IL-6 increased during surgery. Intraoperative IL-6 and s-IL-33R values were higher in the RV compared to the periphery, suggesting secretion from the tumor or tumor microenvironment itself. Supportive of this is an almost general expression of IL-6/s-IL-6R in tumor cells and IL-6 in vasculature in the tumor microenvironment. O
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Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a national public health concern. Craving, stress, and exposure to conditioned drug cues are implicated in risk of relapse to opioids. Although impaired sleep has been implicated in risk of relapse to other substances of misuse, little research to date has examined the relationship between sleep and craving in individuals with OUD. The present study examined sleep as a moderator
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We have observed that the dominant contribution comes from the O-H bond length; the O···O distance plays a secondary role, and the other geometrical properties do not significantly influence the gap. Furthermore, we analyze the electronic density of states (DOS), where the KIPZ functional shows good agreement with the DOS obtained with state-of-art approaches employing quasi-particle self-consistent GW plus vertex correcti
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Copyright © 2020 Lee et al.Endochin-like quinolones (ELQs) potently inhibit the proliferation of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, and Babesia by targeting the cytochrome b Qo and Qi sites and interfering with oxidative phosphorylation and pyrimidine biosynthesis. The activities of 14 different ELQs were assessed against B. besnoiti tachyzoites grown in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) by quantitative re
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05). The relative abundance of Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Bacteroides uniformis showed the most significant association with L3 SMI.
There were compositional alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis and muscle wasting. L3 SMI is closely related to E. coli, P. stomatis, and B. uniformis in liver cirrhosis. Further interventional stud
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022) and better quantitative (p = 0.021) and qualitative conditions (p = 0.011) for the exudate. Regarding satisfaction, all the patients were satisfied. Good preservation of the nail plate area was observed in the BC group at the end of the 180-day period (p = 0.024). Average time of BC dressing permanence was 16.4 ± 7.1 days. BC showed to be appropriate as a dressing after partial or total avulsion of the nail plat
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Limited studies have investigated the effects of serum carotenoids on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and the findings have been inconclusive. This study aims to assess the association between serum total or specific carotenoid levels and NHL risk. This 11 matched, hospital-based case-control study enrolled 512 newly diagnosed (within 1 month) NHL patients and 512 healthy controls who were matched by age
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While immunotherapy has become an increasingly attractive strategy in patients with urothelial bladder cancer, the need for a biomarker to identify patients whose cancer is the most likely to respond has never been more crucial. This review systematically evaluates evidence regarding PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker of response to anti-PD(L)1 monoclonal antibodies in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma, and di
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Background A series of measures have been suggested to reduce Covid-19 infection, including knowledge training for prevention and control, isolation, disinfection, classified protections at different degrees in infection areas, and protection of confirmed cases. Objectives We conducted this study with an aim to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among the general population regarding COVID-19. Methods This was a cross
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In KMBC cells, MRP5 knockdown significantly increased gemcitabine cytotoxicity.
Inhibition of MRP6 expression in intra-hepatic and MRP5 in extra-hepatic should be explored as potential treatments for CCA in humans.
Inhibition of MRP6 expression in intra-hepatic and MRP5 in extra-hepatic should be explored as potential treatments for CCA in humans.
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By conducting gain- and loss-of-function experiments, the results indicated that miR-4728 knockdown significantly promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared with the inhibitor negative control (NC) group. By contrast, miR-4728 overexpression displayed the opposite effect on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present study indicated that miR-4728 was downregulated in NSCLC and may
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Scatter hitam, a term which could seem unfamiliar to a lot of, refers to a specific artistic technique or aesthetic, specially within the context of visual martial arts, design, and even fashion. The expression “scatter hitam” will be derived from a couple of words: “scatter, ” meaning to disperse or distribute throughout different directions, plus “hitam, ” the particular Indonesian and Malay word for dark. When combined, spread hit
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We conducted an island-wide survey of the Caribbean islands Puerto Rico and Vieques, U.S.A. during late 2018 and early 2019 to document the current richness of mosquitoes (Diptera Culicidae). We used a combination of larval surveys and adult trapping using baited CDC light traps and BG-Sentinel traps across 41 of the 78 municipalities. We collected 9 genera, 12 subgenera, and 31 species, which when combined with past st
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Right here, we used 2D and 3D human brain countries to investigate MeCP2 purpose. We unearthed that MeCP2 mutations cause severe abnormalities in peoples interneurons (INs). Interestingly, therapy with a BET inhibitor, JQ1, rescued the molecular and practical phenotypes of MeCP2 mutant INs. We revealed that abnormal increases in chromat
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Although the 5-year survival rates in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved over the last decades, there is a high relapse rate for Pediatric AML patients.
In the present study, we mainly combine PCA with the LASSO technique to identify prognostic markers for Pediatric AML patients coming from the NCI TARGET database.
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t standardized. Early and continuous integration of palliative care into the course of LVAD treatment can improve the quality of care. Benefits for LVAD patients, caregivers and clinicians are described. For this purpose, recommendations as well as professional training for palliative care practitioners are useful. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of palliati
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Prediction of infarct extent among patients with acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion is defined by predefined discrete computed tomography perfusion thresholds. Our objective is to develop a threshold-free computed tomography perfusion-based machine learning (ML) model to predict follow-up infarct in patients wit
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A patient’s personal history will be taken. This can consist of concerns about the person’s relationships, their living situation and any traumatic events.
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Core training effectively improves sport performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of core training on the performance measures of speed, agility and quickness of U19 male football players.
A total of 24 young male football players were divided into 12 in the experimental group (aged 18.17±0.72) and 12 in the control group (aged 18.31±0.75). The experime
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Using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting, we concluded that p53-related genes promote the cell cycle by upregulating p21 and enhancing muscle differentiation in MSTN KO QM7 cells. These results could be applied to improve economic traits in commercial poultry by regulating MSTN-related networks.In most of our daily activities and in team sports, we interact with other individuals and do not act in
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Moreover, the administration of MG or MGCN did not induce any liver and kidney toxicity in the treated mice. Conclusion The findings of the present work suggest that MGCN may be proved a promising therapeutic formulation to treat azole-resistant C. albicans infections.Introduction The exhaustion and poor homing of activated lymphocytes are critical obstacles in adoptive cell immunotherapy for solid tumor
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The inner/outer K+ ratio was the highest (~2.6) under the optimum NaCl dosage (200 mM) in comparison to non-saline (~0.4) and severe (800 mM; ~0.7) conditions, implying that a higher K+ concentration in the inner tissues is important for optimum growth. The overall results demonstrate a clear link between plant anatomical structure and ability of its tissues to maintain ionic homeostasis, v
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Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid esters derivate approved for plaque psoriasis as first-line systemic therapy. It has been available in Italy since 2017 and an increasing number of patients are treated with this drug. To evaluate DMF effectiveness, side effects and drug survival in a dermatological real-life setting. We performed a retrospective multi-center study in five dermatologic clinics
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Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasound is a noninvasive and repeatable tool to dynamically evaluate intracranial pressure with high diagnostic accuracy; however, data in neonates are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the reference value of ONSD and potential influencing factors in healthy term neonates.
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BD patients were more likely to develop psoriasis compared to non-IBD subjects, including younger patients at an elevated risk regardless of TNF inhibitor use. This advocates the interplay between IBD and psoriasis; thus, inspection of cutaneous manifestation and dermatological consultation may be helpful in IBD patients at risk.Proechimys species are remarkable for their extensive chromosome rearrangements, representing a good model t
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Sixty million Americans live in rural America, with roughly 17.5% of the rural population being 65y or older. Outcomes and costs of Medicare beneficiaries undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery at critical access hospitals (CAHs) are not known.
Medicare files were used to identify patients who underwent hepatopancreatic resection. Outcomes were compared (CAHs versus non-CAHs
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T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-LBL/T ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy arising from malignant transformation of T-cell progenitors with poor prognosis in adult patients. Outcomes are particularly dismal in the relapsed/refractory setting, and therapeutic options are limited in this context. Genomic profiling has shown frequent aberrations in the JAK-STAT p
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While the measurement of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been conducted for personal exposure assessment, it remains unclear how models that integrate microenvironmental levels with resolved activity and location information predict personal exposure to PM. We comprehensively investigated PM2.5 concentrations in various microenvironments and estimated persona
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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 10-15% of all breast cancers and has a poor outcome as it lacks a receptor target for therapy, and TNBC is frequently associated with a germline mutation of BRCA1. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) drugs have demonstrated some effectiveness in treating BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutated breast and ovarian cancers but resistance to PARPi is common. Published re
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From the study of different types of chromophore, we propose different primary functions within the PSI system chlorophyll a (CLA) molecules are the central nodes in the EET process, while other chromophore types have different primary functions. Furthermore, we perform nodes removal simulations to understand how the nodes/chromophores malfunctioning may affect PSI functioning. We discover that the removal of the CLA tri
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The emergence of drug resistance together with the global burden of malaria triggers the necessity for the searching of new antimalarial agents. This study, therefore, was initiated to investigate the in vivo antimalarial activity of
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Younger children with tibial fractures who weight 50 kg or less and with proximal tibial growth plates wide open can be treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail while more ma
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Univariable analysis showed that GWG that exceeded the IOM recommendation might be associated with risk of GDM (PP95 versus P5 -P95 1.45 [1.16-1.81]). CONCLUSIONS Excessive GWG in the first and second trimester might be a risk factor for GDM, which highlights the importance of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is a gene
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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. METHODS Data on new cancer diagnoses during 2001 through 2016 were obtained from th
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The injection of the two NIS underneath the SC monolayers proved their potential to penetrate into the SC model at the air-water interface having a maximum insertion pressure (MIP) above the assumed lateral pressure of biological membranes. The NIS adsorbed preferentially into packing defects seen in epifluorescence microscopy studies with Sucrose monolaurate being more active than Polysorbate 80 in disordering
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Inc.The dense formation of abnormal scar tissue after total knee arthroplasty results in arthrofibrosis, an unfortunate sequela of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to use a validated rabbit model to assess the effects on surgically-induced knee joint contractures of two combined pharmacological interventions celecoxib (CXB) loaded on an implanted collagen membrane, and subcutaneously (SQ) injected ketotifen.
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