Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
345,457 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke exposure adversely affects respiratory health. However, the effects of exposure on adolescents without asthma are not well known. RESEARCH QUESTION To what degree are biochemically measured and self-reported tobacco smoke exposure associated with pulmonary function and healthcare utilization among U.S. nonsmoking adolescents? STUDY DESIGN and Methods We analyzed 2007-2012 Nationa
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This review highlights a consolidated overview of those morphology-based mesoporous silica particles, emphasizing their syntheses and potential role in many promising fields of research.Although the frequency of arthroscopic revision surgery is increasing in patients with recurrent dislocation after a primary shoulder stabilization, the literature describing arthroscopic revision Bankart repair has been limited.
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Emergency care systems (ECS) are undergoing a period of rapid development on the African continent. What were formerly large intake zones are now being shaped into dedicated emergency units. Emergency care providers are being trained via certificate and even residency programs. However, significant challenges still exist. Resource limitations, staffing, and other system inputs are often the easiest issues to identify, bu
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Immune responses must be tightly regulated in order to avoid excessive inflammation. In this issue of Cell Reports, Bambouskova et al. (2021) demonstrate that itaconate and iNOS collaborate to tolerize the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby limiting cytokine secretion and cell death.We present a sheathless, microfluidic imaging flow cytometer that incorporates stroboscopic illumination f
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Images were taken with, and without, disposable intraoral dental camera protection cap; high-grade disinfection protocol was applied between examinations. Recorded videos were randomly distributed in a single-blind manner in order to be evaluated by four otorhinolaryngologists, who answered a questionnaire comprising three questions. Statistical analysis was used to compare groups – which were defined by t
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Heatwave warning systems rely on forecasts made for fixed-point weather stations (WS), which do not reflect variation in temperature and humidity experienced by individuals moving through indoor and outdoor locations. We examined whether neighborhood measurement improved the prediction of individually experienced heat index in addition to nearest WS in an urban and rural location. Participants (residents of Birmingha
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Fluid and bicarbonate secretion were greatly impaired, whereas faecal chymotrypsin remained unchanged. LPS stimulation of splenocytes from CFTRtm1HGU resulted in increased INF-γ and IL-6, but decreased IL-10 secretion. CFTR mutations that preserve residual pancreatic function significantly increase the severity of experimental pancreatitis-mostly via impairing duct cell function and a shift towards a
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Detecting persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) allows the identification of patients with an increased risk of relapse and death. In this study, we have evaluated MRD 3 months after transplantation in 106 myeloma patients using a commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy (LymphoTrack®), and compared the results with next-generation flow (NGF, EuroFlow). The use of different marrow pulls and the need of con
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in English, Hungarian A hidroxiklorokin egy immunmodulátor szer, amelyet elsősorban malária, lupus erythematosus és rheumatoid arthritis esetén alkalmaznak. A szerzők összefoglalják ennek a készítménynek a lehetséges proarrhythmiás hatását és ennek kapcsán a gyógyszer indukálta hosszú-QT-szindróma felismerésének legfontosabb jeleit. A jelen összefoglaló aktualitását a COVID–19-járványban a hidroxiklorokin (jelenleg evidenci
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Comparison will be made to the immune responses of humans with Lyme borreliosis. Our goal is to provide an understanding of the dynamics of the mammalian immune response during infection with B. burgdorferi and its relation to the outcomes in reservoir (mouse) and non-reservoir (human) hosts.Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato causes Lyme borreliosis in a variety of animals and humans. These atypical bacterial p
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Background Antiviral medications are being given empirically to some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To support the development of a COVID-19 management guideline, we conducted a systematic review that addressed the benefits and harms of 7 antiviral treatments for COVID-19. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and 3 Chinese d
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At 12 months after surgery and the last follow-up, patients with increased T1 slope had more severe neck pain symptoms than those with decreased T1 slope (P<0.05). The overall curvature and change of C2-C7 in patients with increased T1 slope were better than those with decreased T1 slope (P<0.05).
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Work trucks play a crucial role in various industries, from construction and agriculture to utility services and transportation. These specialized vehicles are designed to withstand heavy-duty tasks and harsh working conditions, making them essential assets for businesses around the world. Over the years, work truck construction has evolved significantly, driven by tec
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Provided manufacturer guidelines are adhered to, 3 Tesla MRI scanning should not be contraindicated in paediatric cochlear implant recipients with a compatible device. Emerging contaminants such as antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are becoming a global environmental problem. In this study, the glow discharge plasma (GDP) was applied for degrading antibiotic resistant
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Objective To examine the potential sociodemographic disparities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management and care among US adult individuals, after controlling for clinical and behavioral factors.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals with T2D (N = 4552) from a linked database of the National Health and Wellness Survey and a large US ambulatory electronic health record (EHR) database. This stu
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An increasing global need for pharmacovigilance training cannot be met with classroom courses alone. Several e-learning modules have been developed by Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC). With distance learners and technological challenges such as poor internet bandwidth to be considered, UMC opted for the microlearning approach based on small learning units connected to specific learning objectives. The aim of this study was to evalua
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Our results show that switching fluorescent probes between the two types of liposomes provides a useful approach to better understand the reactions that occur between liposomes and detect heterogenous behavior in these reactions.Studies indicate that stathmin expression associates with PI3K activation in breast cancer, suggesting stathmin as a marker for targetable patient subgroups. Here we assessed stathmin
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lower urinary tract dysfunctions with urinary leakage from ureterocystoneoanastomosis (UCNA) after kidney transplantation.
The UCNA leakage after kidney transplantation can be associated with various conditions while severe lower urinary tract dysfunctions could be one of them.
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Accumulating evidence indicates that micronutrients are related to metabolic diseases. However, comparatively less attention has been devoted to their influence on each other during the development of metabolic diseases. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the effects of iron and vitamin D on pancreatic β cell functions are examined.
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In patients with detectable ctDNA, its level correlates with the tumoral mass in real time. It has a predictive value in monitoring the treatment response. Its implementation in the follow-up of patients with CRC may have an impact on the choice of treatment strategy and consequently on patient survival.Introduction Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) applied before breast cancer surgery can lead in favourable cases to regressi
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Serving as a clergyperson is a highly variable profession and in recent decades, the role has evolved and expanded even further. Consequently, the demands have increased and with it the risk for stress-related ill-health and absenteeism. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, in a larger sample of Swedish clergy (N = 871), two possible antecedents of burnout, namely prosocialness and r
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Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) is one of the most important environmental factors in clinical heart protection. This study used human heart samples and human induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to assess how SaO2 affects human CM cell cycle activities. The results showed that there were significantly more cell cycle markers in the moderate hypoxia group (SaO2 75% to 85%) than in the other 2 groups (SaO
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