Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
345,557 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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While India has made substantial progress in introducing new vaccines and scaling up immunization coverage, inequities persist sub-nationally. This study was performed to investigate the risk of under-immunization based on class membership and to identify heterogeneous classes based on sociodemographic characteristics in pediatric and maternal populations in India through latent class analysis.
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Lateral posterior segmental mandibular defects present a reconstructive challenge and an osseous flap would be the gold standard to reconstruct such a defect. However, combining a mandibular reconstruction plate (MRP) with a soft-tissue free flap (to restore mucosal integrity and provide durable coverage of the plate itself) offers an alternative option for posterior segmental mandibular defects in patients who are not
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Several studies have analyzed the functional recovery after plate fixation of a displaced fracture of the middle third of the clavicle beyond the 6th week. The aim of this study was to assess the early functional recovery in the first 6 weeks, which has not yet been investigated.
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Selective reporting of antibiotic susceptibility test results may help guide appropriate antibiotic prescribing, particularly for urinary tract infections. Our objective was to describe laboratory urine culture susceptibility reporting practices and to estimate their impact on antibiotic prescribing in outpatients.
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This experimental study examined the role of negative feedback and social rank in the experience of self-conscious emotions, shame and guilt, in typically developing children aged 8 to 13 years. Participants were tested by means of a vignette paradigm in which feedback and social rank were systematically manipulated and levels of shame and guilt were assessed after listening to each of the vignettes. In addition, c
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The alar base width, alar width, and alar curvature width increased by 1.214, 0.932, and 0.987 mm, respectively. The average volumetric change was 993.33 mm3, and the amount of increase relative to the average initial volume was 2.96%. Conclusions The majority of soft tissue landmarks around the nasal region show significant positional changes after MARPE in adults. The nose tends to widen and move forward and down
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Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) by brief periods of limb ischemia and reperfusion protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We studied the cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles (EV)s released into the circulation after RIC and EV accumulation in injured myocardium.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate lung particulate matter (PM) deposition during endurance exercise and provide a new insight concerning how SARS-CoV-2 could be carried into the respiratory tract. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the Human Respiratory Tract model were considered for modeling the lung PM deposition during exercise. The Monte Carl
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The objectives of this study were to determine whether patients reporting symptoms are more likely to develop lymphedema and to describe the temporal relationship between symptom onset and lymphedema.
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In summary, our study identified a methyltransferase-related risk signature for predicting the prognosis of gliomas. Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Liu, Liu, Zhao, Wu and Zeng.Background Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) blockade has become a standard second-line treatment option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without a driver gene mutation. Previous clinical studies showed that the objective response
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Duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging duck pathogen in China and other Asian countries. It is unclear whether this emerging zoonotic infection poses a threat to humans. A previous study in 2012 showed surprisingly high rates of seropositivity and positive viral detection by RT-PCR in duck farm workers in China. To understand the nature of the threat of this emerging virus, we studied the neutralizing
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The present study aimed to compare the effects of chair height and anterior seat inclination on sit-to-stand (STS) performance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP). Twelve children with SDCP were tested with three conditions of STS task low chair with horizontal seat (control), low chair with anterior seat inclination (AiC), and high chair with horizontal seat (HiC) conditions. A 3D mot
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coriaria (Sumac) was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC/MS assays. Sumac at non-cytotoxic doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly modulates the growth of the MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cancer cells with a higher inhibitory effect and selectivity to carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms; hCA I, II, hCA IX, and XII. The data showed that sumac at doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth, prolife
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Identifying the opportunity of objective prognosis of pancreatic fistula emergence after pancreatoduodenectomy.
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The function of H3F3A G43W mutation, which has been observed in almost all GCTB, remains poorly characterized. Breakthrough in malignant GCTB has been trapped by the lack of clinical available drugs, limited canonical patient samples and paucity of fidelity preclinical models.
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The preoperative CT typing, and postoperative pathological typing had a coincidence rate of 97.8% (45/46). Our study provided a classification method based on CT imaging for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis that can be used during pre-surgical planning to reduce patient’s postoperative complications and mortality.Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine ow
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Untargeted LC-MS flavoromic analysis was utilized to identify chemical compounds that impact consumer liking of whole wheat bread. Chemical fingerprints of thirteen whole wheat breads were modeled against consumer flavor liking scores by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) with good fit (R2Y = 0.98) and predictive ability (Q2 = 0.95). The four most predictive features (negatively correlated)
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This paper presents a review around seagrass habitat in Tarawa Lagoon, Kiribati and explores the links between seagrass occurrence and the national priority issues of climate change, urban development, human health, nearshore fisheries, threatened species, ocean policy, research capacity and awareness. The contribution of healthy seagrass habitats to many aspects of these national issues is often overlooked and there is ne
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It has been well established in the world that lipid disorders promote the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences. This study aimed to assess the impacts of a Persian medicinal (PM) compound on lipid profile.
From June 21 to October 21, 2020, a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted with 74 dyslipidemic patients, who were randomly divid
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Meniscal repair using all-inside devices has garnered popularity compared to inside-out repair, yet few studies directly compare the two techniques in terms meniscal healing rates, surgical time, patient outcomes and incidence of complications.
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BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether an elevated lateral recumbent position, compared to regular lateral recumbent position, may reduce the number of needle passes and attempts required for success subarachnoid puncture in spinal aesthesia before surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized controlled interventional study in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Patients o
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Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been largely used in patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus
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