Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
348,336 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Background To achieve goals, organisms are often faced with complex tasks that require enhanced control of cognitive faculties for optimal performance. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this ability are unclear. The claustrum is proposed to mediate a variety of functions ranging from sensory binding to cognitive control of action, but direct functional assessments of this telencephalic n
AbramsParks8386
LArginine
003). Administering BTPs was an independent factor that protected against ERAAs (odds ratio 0.181, [95% confidence interval 0.059-0.559],
=.003).
BTPs may prevent ERAAs after ablation.
BTPs may prevent ERAAs after ablation.
Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is associa
BakerBjerre7568
NPD4928
Furthermore, these regulatory effects of microRNAs suggest its potential clinical significance. In addition, another non-coding RNA, lncRNA, are also mentioned in the review, which can regulate innate immune response and influence virus replication during H1N1 infection as well.
Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) may play an important role in neuropathic pain. Treatment for trigem
ThomasHatfield3898
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Gastric motility disorders are associated with bioelectrical abnormalities in the stomach. Recently, gastric ablation has emerged as a potential therapy to correct gastric dysrhythmias. However, the tissue-level effects of gastric ablation have not yet been evaluated. In this study, radiofrequency ablation was performed in vivo in pigs (n=7) at temperature-control mode (55-80°C, 5-10 s per point). The tissue was excised
EgholmMatthiesen9050
BGB-8035
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, maternal death due to direct obstetric complications remains an important health threat for women. A high direct obstetric case fatality rate indicates a poor quality of obstetric care. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the magnitude and determinants of the direct obstetric case fatality rate among women admitted to hospitals with direct maternal complications. METHODS In 2015,
RichardsonLundqvist3270
NMS-P937
The rising demand for eradicating hazardous substances in the workplace has motivated vigorous researches on environmentally sustainable manufacturing processes of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) for their optoelectronic applications. Despite remarkable achievements witnessed in QD materials (e.g., Pb- or Cd-free QDs), the progress in the eco-friendly process is far falling behind and thus the practical use of QDs
WallsConner4635
Golvatinib mw
Purpose To examine central macular, RNFL (retinal nerve fibre layer), GCC (ganglion cell complex) thicknesses; and VEPs (visual evoked potential) in epileptic patients using levetiracetam for at least one year.Materials and Methods Sixteen focal epileptic patients receiving levetiracetam monotherapy and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. Central macular, RNFL and GCC thicknesses according to spec
TysonFoley1581
CBL0137
Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a low-to-intermediate-grade malignant mesenchymal tumor. The diagnostic and prognostic values of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to patients with HEHE have not been fully validated. Patient survival outcomes (including overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]), lesions characteris
SmallFranck8912
this website
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive failure in small ruminants. We validated and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1) from N. caninum for the detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies in sheep and goat flocks. The assay was validated using 80 positive and 142 negative serum samples from sheep and goats ana
DuranMurphy1874
Chitosan oligosaccharide mouse
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in elderly patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
We analyzed data from a cohort of patients with advanced HCC treated using systemic treatment according to the local institutional protocol. Patients were divided into two groups, Group A, individuals <70 years of age, and Group
FriisKrabbe5669
selleck
Objective Machine learning (ML) is an innovative method to analyze large and complex data sets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ML to identify predictors of early postsurgical and long-term outcomes in patients treated for Cushing disease (CD). Methods All consecutive patients in our center who underwent surgery for CD through the endoscopic endonasal approach were retrospectively reviewed. Study endpoints were gross-tumor remo
McGregorFlindt7023
BTK inhibitor
Testing for the JAK2 V617F variant in patients with mesenteric, cerebral, and splanchnic venous thromboses is currently recommended, but testing patients with venous thromboses in other anatomical locations remains controversial. We reviewed all previously described cases to expound upon this diagnosis, potential association with hypercoagulable disorders, treatment options, and observed clinical outcomes. This case adds to the mi
ShoreWebster8188
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99%, a specificity of 99.10% and an area under ROC curve of 0.9678.
Our study revealed that emergency surgery, anesthesia method, surgery type and ASA grade were risk factors to predict postoperative ICU admission in elderly orthopedic patients.
Our study revealed that emergency surgery, anesthesia method, surgery type and ASA grade were risk factors to predict post
HillEhlers3888
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Background Novel approaches to reduce diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in low- and middle-income countries are needed. Our objective was to compare incidence of DFUs in the thermometry plus mobile health (mHealth) reminders (intervention) vs. thermometry-only (control). Methods We conducted a randomized trial enrolling adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at risk of foot ulcers (risk groups 2 or 3) but without foot ulcers at t
CurryKrarup4819
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How to Buy Driving License in Poland
The process of getting a driving licence in Poland is not easy. It involves submitting various documents and attending classes in theory and practice. This can be expensive and time-consuming.
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MasseyNixon7785
this website
The 5th International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC5) took place on November 14-16, 2019, in Lisbon, Portugal. Its aim is to standardize the treatment of advanced breast cancer based on the available evidence and to ensure that all breast cancer patients worldwide receive adequate treatment and access to new therapies. This year, the conference focused on developments and study results
BredahlHedegaard1223
TyrphostinB42
Unusual nucleic acid structures are salient triggers of endogenous repair and can occur in sequence-specific contexts. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) rely on these principles to achieve non-enzymatic gene editing. By forming high-affinity heterotriplex structures within the genome, PNAs have been used to correct multiple human disease-relevant mutations with low off-target effects. Advances in molecular design, chemical
MeldgaardKang6241
ALLN
IG significantly correlated with the amount of time spent using the app (Spearman’s rho=0.741, p=0.004). Conclusion When compared to conventional teaching, an app-based blended-learning approach leads to improvement in test scores, possibly as a result of more intensive preparation for and review of the clinical examination course material.Purpose The analysis of difficulties in understanding the information content of an
FarmerPilgaard0916
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05). The present study implied a strong association between the Hp phenotypes and genotypes with NMIBC. It was found that the 2-2 genotype and phenotype could be a risk factor for NMIBC incidence, as well as, progression. This study introduced Hp genotyping as a possible cost-effective and precise method for prognosis of individuals at the risk of NMIBC. Copyright © 2020 Aghaalikhani et al.The metabolic requirements cha
RiversDougherty6612
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These findings can be better understood by the contribution of monocular processes to CFS suppression. They imply that interocular suppression caused by competition between monocular processes can mediate phenomenal suppression over multiple eye swaps when swapping frequency is low. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to binocular rivalry and binocular switch suppression.Small RNA (sRNA), such as micr
BlandKlit4803
TPX-0005 cell line
The DNA methylation levels detected for CpG sites from ELOVL2, FHL2, and MIR29B2 with each system were compared. A restricted three CpG-site age prediction model was rebuilt for each system, as well as for a combination of technologies, based on previous training datasets, and age predictions were calculated accordingly for all the samples detected with the previous technologies. While the DNA methylation patter
DinesenIsmail3918
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole molecular weight
This study offers a promising mathematical basis for understanding the effects of freshwater aquaculture in disease spread in wildlife, developing risk assessment modeling, and exploring new ways of aquaculture management.To control and prevent the current COVID-19 pandemic, the development of novel vaccines is an emergent issue. In addition, we need to develop tools that c
CrowderSkytte8965
TI17
Ustekinumab (UST) targets the common subunit (p40) of interleukins-12/23,1,2 approved for intravenous (IV) induction of remission in moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD), followed by subcutaneous (SC) doses for maintenance of remission.3,4 The role of IV reinduction of UST in patients already on every-4-week (Q4) maintenance with partial response or loss of response (LOR) is unclear.5 The aim was to assess response and remissi
TangeConley9227
Fumarate hydratase-IN-1
Total aerosol generation was significantly higher than negative control following the use of standard electrocautery. Use of smoke-evacuator electrocautery was associated with significantly lower aerosol generation in 2 of 3 size groups and in total. There was no significant increase in total aerosols associated with high-speed drilling.
Droplet generat
DominguezMorgan2387
LY2157299 TGF-beta inhibitor
Decreased connectivity was discovered in some nodes of DMN, such as medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and angular gyrus. These results may help us to further clarify the neurobiological mechanisms in patients with ASD.Age-related pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction is a critical defect in the progression to pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). Despite dramatic prevalence of PFDs in older women, the unde
McmahonShaffer7228
Disufenton
The care situation has potential to be burdensome. To secure healthcare quality for old patients, the informal carer’s role needs to be recognized. Informal care based on altruism and reciprocity seems to be positive, whereas informal care based on family norms might have a negative impact.The age of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing and the greatest proportion of aged HIV patients occ
GradyTimm5846
BiP Inducer X
MnO2 based electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensors remain significantly limited by their low electronic conductivity and associated complex preparation. In this paper, an MnO2 nanosheet array supported on nickel foam (MnO2 NS/NF) was prepared using a simple hydrothermal synthesis and employed as a 3D integrated electrode for enzyme-free glucose detection. It was found that MnO2 NS/NF shows high performan
AlfordChapman7010
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The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., is a pest Lepidopteran species whose larvae overwinter by entering diapause, gradually becoming cold-hardy. To investigate metabolic changes during cold hardening, activities of four metabolic enzymes – citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole-body homogenates of pupae,
ShepardHyde3947
this website
Treatment with 6β-OHT significantly restored the incidence and severity of AAAs in Ang II-infused castrated Apoe-/-/Cyp1b1+/+ and intact Apoe-/-/Cyp1b1-/- mice. However, administration of testosterone failed to increase AAA incidence and severity in Ang II-infused intact Apoe-/-/Cyp1b1-/- mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that the testosterone-cytochrome P450 1B1-generated metabolite 6β-OHT contributes to Ang II-
NixonBoyle7723
SQ22536
Review ofRosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen, OE, et al. Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk the CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;32169-79.McGuire DK, Alexander JH, Johansen OE, et al. Linagliptin effects on heart failure and related outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular and
BarrettAyala9991
DZNeP order
The hypoxic exercise test could allow coaches and scientists to better determine the individual response of their athletes and manage the altitude acclimatization. © 2020 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.This work reports a frozen spray-coating method for the fabrication of double-layere
HartleyFitch5729
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ct approach to the deep uterine vein can be easily and safely performed.
In spring 2020, New York experienced a surge of patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) disease, as part of a global pandemic. There are limited data on populations of COVID-19-infected patients seen by palliative care services.
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BauerGarrett9600
Selleck LY3214996
A comet assay revealed dose-dependent DNA damage in zebrafish hepatocytes. The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), MDA, and carbonyl protein contents in brain tissues significantly increased. Moreover, the AChE in the zebrafish brain was induced. Apparently, no obvious histological changes in brain tissues of zebrafish were observed compared with those of the control whereas atrophy and necrosis of hepatocytes
MacLeodLott8568
mTOR inhibitor
Sperm head length, ellipticity, elongation, and regularity showed significant predictive capacity on litter size (0.59, 0.59, 0.60, and 0.56 area under curve (AUC), respectively). The morphometric sperm sub-populations were not related to sow litter size.Pancreatic cancer patients have an elevated risk of suffering from venous thrombosis. Among several risk factors that contribute to hypercoagulability of this mali
BurgessRiley4562
GDC-0077 in vitro
We have reported 2 cases of pulmonary hamartoma focusing on detecting intranodular fat, which is one of CT features suggestive of pulmonary hamartoma, using dual-energy CT analyses. For patient 1, a 73-year-old man was pointed out to have a nodular opacity on chest radiograph of pretreatment workup for retinal detachment. In patient 2, a 66-year-old woman with uterine carcinoma admitted for preoperative assessmen
BowlesFiltenborg6909
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How to Buy a Driving License in New York
Getting a driver’s license is an important step toward freedom and independence. The process varies by state and involves completing requirements for eligibility as well as studying traffic laws, rehearsing driving under supervision and passing road and written tests.
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An interdisciplinary team approach to patients in specialised palliative care is recommended; however, the composition of the professionals tends to vary, and the roles of physiotherapists and occupational therapists may be underestimated. We aimed to investigate patient-reported unmet needs, which potentially could benefit from physiotherapy and occupation
MasonSandberg6512
CPT inhibitor
At least 40% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience chronic insomnia. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia symptoms in individuals with MS. Delivery of CBT-I using Web-based applications has been shown to be effective and may increase access to CBT-I for individuals with MS who have mobility difficulties, experience fatigue, or live in rural are
CarlsenRamos6362
Androgen Receptor Antagonist mw
Two innate behaviors, burrowing and nest building, were used to assess these aspects. Besides exerting a significant antinociceptive effect on hyperalgesia and on spontaneous pain, combined inactive doses of trazodone and gabapentin restored in CCI rats innate behaviors that are strongly reduced or even abolished during persistent nociception, suggesting that the combination may have an impact also
HaaningHughes6705
selleckchem
05) significantly in both liver, and kidneys tissues after exposure to carbofuran. Interestingly, tilapia fish treated with carbofuran (0.246 mg/L) and fed (0.5 and 1 g/kg diet) allicin in both the 4th & 5th groups, respectively, decreased serum biochemical parameters; and hepatorenal (MDA) levels, as well as increased AChE, immunological profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. The results suggested t
GallagherMendoza2134
WNK-IN-11
Agreement was poor for ‘standing’ (ICC = 0.00) and ‘walking’ (ICC = 0.35). Both methods were labour-intensive, with labour costs of A$1,285/€798 (34 hours) for behavioural mapping and A$1,055/€655 (28 hours) for accelerometry. No further costs were involved in behavioural mapping, but clinical backfill was required. Accelerometry involved a financial investment for accelerometers (A$11,100/€6,894 for 22 ActivPAL devices
ChapmanBrowning3837
Varoglutamstat datasheet
The variables were compiled to assess caries risk according to Cariogram, CAMBRA, and R2. Radiographs were also taken posttreatment to assess caries incidence. The caries outcomes after treatment were analyzed and compared with the caries risk, assessed by the caries risk assessment methods at baseline. Results DiFS proved to be the most reliable method for predicting caries during orthodontic treatment, pres
NedergaardAllen1899
Withaferin A manufacturer
Purpose To design and validate a preprocessing procedure dedicated to T2-weighted MR images of lung cancers so as to improve the ability of radiomic features to distinguish between adenocarcinoma and other histological types. Materials and Methods A discovery set of 52 patients with advanced lung cancer who underwent T2-weighted MR imaging at 3 Tesla in a single center study from August 2017 to May 20
SpiveyJain1954
ISRIB
At this power density, the decomposition half-life of the lake sediment (top 5 cm) is calculated to be 277 years, which is only about 10% of natural lake sediment decomposition half-lives. Higher power densities are not necessary for P fixation but inadvertently increase the risk that legacy pollutants buried in the sediment are released.The changes in the chemical structure, surface morphology and crystallinity are reported fo
ReesLaugesen5460
Metabolism inhibitor
Although identifying cell names in dense image stacks is critical in analyzing functional whole-brain data enabling comparison across experiments, unbiased identification is very difficult, and relies heavily on researchers’ experiences. Here, we present a probabilistic-graphical-model framework, CRF_ID, based on Conditional Random Fields, for unbiased and automated cell identification. CRF_ID focuses on m
CastroBlackwell2801
DNA Damage inhibitor
They give generally similar estimates for Pleistocene Homo, after accounting for the different shape of the humeral head articular surface in archaic Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo, except for distal humeral estimates for Late Pleistocene specimens, which average somewhat below lower limb estimates. Humeral equations give body mass estimates for australopiths that appear much too high, except for Australopit
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Myoid gonadal stromal tumor represents a rare testicular neoplasm displaying smooth muscular and gonadal stromal differentiation. This entity has very few cases reported in the literature that describe heterogeneous clinical and pathological characteristics. Bayesian statistics provides a useful framework to combine information from diverse sources. We here presented a case series-the largest so far reported-o
GravesEgan4413
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Control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) heavily relies on universal access to testing to identify who is infected; tracking them to make sure they do not spread the disease further; and tracing those with whom they have been in contact. The recent surge in COVID-19 cases in Zimbabwe is an urgent national public health concern and requires coordinated efforts to scale up testing using capacity already in exis
ErnstBennedsen2117
Bemnifosbuvir mouse
The prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies has a high heterogeneity worldwide. South American data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in populations at risk in comparison to blood donors (BD). A cross-sectional study was carried out in adults of different risk populations including crack users (CK), residents in a low income area
ConradsenDawson4395
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