Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
348,404 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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This paper reports on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based sensor for pulse wave measurement. The sensor consists of an air chamber with a thin membrane and a 300-nm thick piezoresistive cantilever placed inside the chamber. When the membrane of the chamber is in contact with the skin above a vessel of a subject, the pulse wave of the subject causes the membrane to deform, leading to a change
KrauseNoel0774
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Cancer cells are characterized by the Warburg effect, a shift from mitochondrial respiration to oxidative glycolysis. We report here the crucial role of cyclin D1 in promoting this effect in a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6-independent manner in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We show that the cyclin D1 oncoprotein targets hexokinase 2 (HK2), a major glycolysis regulator, through two original molecular mechanisms in
SaundersVinther4915
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Another group of rats that received the same pharmacological treatment was tested in the object location test (OLT). Brains were removed and processed to assess neuronal degeneration, synaptic protein levels, and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus. Cannabidiol treatment attenuated ischemia-induced memory deficits. In rats that were subjected to TGCI, CBD attenuated hippocampal CA1 neurodegen
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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages
McElroyCarlson3581
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This assessment might help to identify novel targets of potential usefulness to develop original pharmacological approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.Infliximab (IFX), as a drug of first-line therapy, can alter the natural progression of Crohn’s disease (CD), promote mucosal healing and reduce complications, hospi
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Anlotinib
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) belongs to the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae and is an important pathogen that damages rice, maize and wheat worldwide. Previously, several reports have described the genetic variation and population structure of RBSDV. However, the details of the evolutionary changes, synonymous codon usage patterns and host adaptation of the virus are largely unclear. Here, we
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043) and in LK crusting subscores at 14 and 28days (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively). No patient reported any serious adverse event associated with Rhino-Protect use.
Applying Rhino-Protect after ESS significantly reduced the formation of edema and crusts, leading to improving the patients’ discomfort for pain, dryness, and crust.
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Since higher f
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The most recent update to Clash Royale allows players to add two evolutions of cards to their decks. This change has caused some debate among players. Some players believe that the change is not balanced, while others suggest sensible tweaks to ensure the quality of gaming.
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Insomnia in older adults has been linked to increased incidence of falls, depression and anxiety, cognitive impairment, institutionalization, and mortality, but traditional sleep assessment instruments, designed for the general adult population, fail to capture many of the experiences and causes that are unique to older adults. This mixed methods study elicited open narratives from 18 older adults (6 men,1
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The mean (SD) age was 31.5 (24.8) years; the age groups 5-9 years and 10-14 years received 17.6% and 15.1% of the services, respectively. There were 1124 (33%) men and 1295 (38%) women (n = 988 with missing sex data). Women were more likely (all P less then .05) to receive preventive services, diagnostic services, restorative services, general services, endodontics and periodontics. Men were more likely (both P less
WhittakerTodd6147
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2 kcal mol-1 compared to experiment. This static procedure thus should be useful for future molecular screening efforts, and high absolute errors in the literature may be due to inadequate modeling of local solvent and pH effects.Ab initio CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-f12//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations of the C4H5O2 potential energy surface have been combined with Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus Master Equation (RRKM-ME) calculati
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In mid-March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was to be characterised as a pandemic. The purpose of this article is to recommend emergency management procedures for dental clinics during this public health emergency.
We have implemented a series of emergency management measures to prevent cross-infection in our dental clinic during the COVID-19 pan
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It’s important to possess an official driver’s license when you’re planning to purchase the vehicle. This will not only allow you to identify yourself and who you are, but it could also allow you to get better auto insurance rates.
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1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.3 to 8.9] per 1000 person-years in the full model cohort and 10.5 (95% CI 9.6 to 11.4) per 1000 person-years in the short model cohort. The progression rates for CKD at 10 years in the full model cohort were 2.7%, 8.9%, and 26.1% for low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups, and 3.5%, 11.7%, and 32.4% in the short model cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristics f
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and others (LGBTQIA+) patients face stigma and barriers to health care, including a lack of health care professionals’ knowledge and confidence in treating this patient population. Pharmacists are in prime position to decrease this health disparity. United States pharmacy schools have limited LGBTQIA+ content, continuing the concern of recent graduates without
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wild type and knockout mice subjected to the OVA-induced model of rhinitis demonstrated an average of 314.5 and 153.8 EMBP
cells per mm
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< .05). Goblet cells per mm of basal lamina were assessed via Alcian blue and there was no statistically significant difference between
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Over time, scores improved statistically significant and clinically relevant in both arms. Between arms, there were no differences on any scale (range -3.8 to +4.0). Scores on all scales were improved to a clinically relevant extent at 12 and 24 months compared to baseline in both arms, except for fatigue and motor dysfunction at 12 months (-7.4 and -8.8, respectively). In irradiated patients (N=59), scores in all pres
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0%, p = 0.044). Nine cases exhibited primary and eight cases secondary AI resistance. Both ORR and CBR were higher in patients with secondary AI resistance (25% vs. 0%, p = 0.087; 38% vs. 11%, p = 0.29). The median TTF was 6.2 months in the entire AI-resistant group (n = 17) and was longer in the secondary resistance subgroup than in the primary resistance subgroup (8.40 vs. 4.87 month
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Patient self-report scales are invaluable in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), as they allow physicians to rapidly assess patient perspectives of disease activity. We aimed to assess the agreement of the visual analog scale (VAS), a 100-mm horizontal line, and the numerical rating scale (NRS), a 21-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 in increments of 0.5, in patients with PsA.
Data
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Moreover, FISH experiments revealed that the same family could assume centromeric and non-centromeric positions even within a single species. Taken together, these findings suggest that Fabeae centromeres are not shaped by the co-evolution of a single centromeric satellite with its interacting CENH3 proteins, as proposed by the centromere drive model. This conclusion is also supported by the absence of pervasive ada
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The friction cost approach (FCA) is one way to estimate lost productivity, which considers the time taken to replace an employee, known as the friction period. The friction period may be influenced by local labour market conditions, limiting the relevance of international FCA estimates. The objective was to estimate the time and costs of replacing an employee in Australia.
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Dietary lycopene did not affect egg quality, except for yolk color, nor did serum lipid profiles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum samples and eggs that had been stored at 24°C for four weeks was reduced (P less then 0.05) by lycopene or tomato paste. Adding lycopene or tomato paste into a diet of laying hens increased the incorporation of lycopene into the liver and egg yolk. Collectively, the present study
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The TA1 and TA2 measurements had been compared with those of 23 retrospectively recruited, similar-sized mesaticephalic puppies which had withstood CT-scanning regarding the head for non-ear-related reasons. The TA1 and TA2 did not differ for healthy American Cocker Spaniels and mesaticephalic puppies. Seriously impacted American Cocker Spaniels had notably sm
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.In an attempt to improve the oral bioavailability of taxanes, a series of new analogues were synthesized and tested in a panel of human tumor cell lines and cellular permeability assays. Compounds T-13 and T-26 showed potent cytotoxicity and exhibited the highest permeability, so they were selected for pharmacokinetic s
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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the growth of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2) in two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. FTIR microspectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, could be used to monitor the variability of spheroid morphologies prepared from different cell densities. The characteristic shift in absorbance bands
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57; p = .000; effect size d = .86), as well as in GAD-7 scores (t(51) = 3.63; p = .001; effect size d = .61). A secondary analysis showed that patients with more severe depression and anxiety symptoms demonstrated even greater effect sizes.
Changes in EPDS and GAD-7 scores indicate that the WHCC is effective in reducing mood and anxiety symptoms associated with the perin
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TNFα increases the phosphorylated form of SK1, readout of its activation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SK1 and specific antagonism of S1P3 prevented the increase in autophagy markers and the changes in the electrophysiological properties of C2C12 myotubes without affecting metabolic remodelling induced by the cytokine, highlighting the involvement of S1P signalling axis on TNFα-induced atrophy in skeletal muscle
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Patients with lifetime suicide attempts (
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= 0.01], consolidation of daily inactivity [0.18 vs. 0.10,
= <0.001], sleep offset [3.02 hours vs. 1.90 hours,
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Safe and effective clinical outcomes (SECO) clinics enable medical students to integrate clinical knowledge and skills within simulated environments. This realistic format may better prepare students for clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate how simulated surgical clinics based on the SECO fra
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6% (13/197) of children in the placebo group. Sensitization occurred in 46.5% (66/142) of participants in the active and 51.7% (76/147) in the placebo group. CONCLUSION An oral bacterial lysate of heat-killed Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis applied during the first 7 months of life did not influence the development of AD, asthma and AR at school age. © 2020 The Authors. Aller
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Selleck Molidustat
Infections post-liver transplantation are major drivers for morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of infections within 180days post-liver transplantation on long-term survival is not clear.
We present a retrospective cohort of 317 liver transplant patients for whom all infectious episodes were prospectively collected during a mean follow-up of 4.4year
CoteVelling6205
OICR9429
Lipid profiling of serum and faeces found phosphocholines, ceramides, sphingomyelins and triglycerides while bile acid profiling identified primary bile acids to be associated with non-response to anti-TNF therapy, with higher levels of phase 2 conjugates in non responders. Receiver operating curves for treatment response demonstrated 0.94+/-0.10 (faecal lipid), 0.81+/-0.17 (faecal bile acid) and 0.74+/-0.15 (serum bile
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We aimed to examine the prevalence of injury after physical therapy intervention for muscle tightness and injury prevention in male high school soccer players. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants comprised 124 players from two high schools who competed in national tournament soccer games held from April 2018 to March 2019. Players were randomly divided into intervention (with a 12-week stretching interv
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SARS-CoV-2 incidence and mortality in Europe have shown wide variation. Northern Italy in particular the Lombardy region, north-eastern French regions, Switzerland and Belgium were amongst the hardest hit, while the central and southern Italian regions, all the Balkan countries from Slovenia to Greece and the Islands of Malta and Cyprus had much fewer cases and deaths per capita, and deaths per number of case
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This study investigated the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo) and manganese (Mn) in water and soil of the Chitral city, Pakistan. For this purpose, water (n = 66) and soil (n = 48) samples were collected from various locations of the Chitral city and analyzed f
LauritsenDickens8689
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Several articles recently reported a “varicella‐like” rash in patients with COVID‐19 [1,2]. We observed similar cases at our institution. However, although we agree that the clinical picture is original, we reject that “varicella‐like” denomination since clinical presentation, as well as some histologic features that we wish to report here for the first time, make it clearly different from var
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Electronic cigarettes are essentially electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Use of ENDS has increased sharply in the United States in recent years, particularly among youth. We reviewed the literature on ENDS use, based on a PubMed search, with a focus on effects that could influence anesthetic and surgical outcomes. We also included a meta-analysis of articles published between 2016 and 2018 reporting injuries f
FeldmanHaley0423
MSDC-0160
ded.BACKGROUND Stable health insurance is often associated with better chronic disease care and outcomes. Racial/ethnic health disparities in outcomes are prevalent and may be associated with insurance instability, particularly in the context of health insurance reform. METHODS We examined whether insurance instability was associated with uncontrolled blood pressure (UBP) and whether this association varied by race/ethn
StaffordDunlap5784
iMDK
The role of inflammation in thrombotic complications of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of inflammation and coagulation markers in patients with thrombotic PAPS (t-PAPS). Patients with t-PAPS and individuals with no history of thrombosis were enrolled. The association of t-PAPS with levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interf
CheekCurry5411
IKK16
Staff-to-staff transmission of SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant risk to the Emergency Department (ED) workforce. We measured close (<6 ft), prolonged (>10 min) staff interactions in a busy pediatric Emergency Department in common work areas over time as the pandemic unfolded, measuring the effectiveness of interventions meant to discourage such close contact.
We used a Real-Time Loca
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Yan argues that our reported abnormal negative thermal quenching (TQ) of the Na3Sc2(PO4)3Eu2+ phosphor was a pitfall caused by the diminishment in optical path lengths of the spectrofluorometer originating from the increasing volume of the phosphor at elevated temperatures. We disagree with this suggestion and affirm that the negative TQ was an intrinsic property of Na3Sc2(PO4)3Eu2+ phosphor associated with the phase t
RosenHickman2121
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To characterize the progression in retinopathy severity of different phenotypes of mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and mild NPDR (ETDRS 20 or 35) were followed in a 5-year longitudinal study. Examinations, including color fundus photography (CFP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT and OCTA), wer
HartmanHelms7582
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Infections with Candida spp. are commonly found in long-time denture wearers, and when under immunosuppression can lead to stomatitis. Imidazolium ionic liquids with an alkyl or alkyloxymethyl chain and a natural (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol substituent possess high antifungal and antiadhesive properties towards C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. We tested three comp
BengtsonMorales4366
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For decades, neurologists have been advocating that anyone with acute focal deficits report immediately to the closest hospital’s emergency room. Major advancements in the hyperacute diagnosis and treatment of stroke have justified our call-to-action slogan of “Time is Brain”-faster therapy leads to superior outcomes. However, this mantra has been recently usurped by the catchphrase “Stay at Home” during the co
SteensenKristiansen2060
selleckchem
Cell competition allows winner cells to eliminate less fit loser cells in tissues. In Minute cell competition, cells with a heterozygous mutation in ribosome genes, such as RpS3+/- cells, are eliminated by wild-type cells. How cells are primed as losers is partially understood and it has been proposed that reduced translation underpins the loser status of ribosome mutant, or Minute, cells. Here, using Drosophila, we show
MaloneMarks1583
Delanzomib in vitro
Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions typically lack a well-defined structure and thus fall outside the scope of the classic sequence-structure-function relationship. Hence, classic sequence- or structure-based bioinformatic approaches are often not well suited to identify homology or predict the function of unknown intrinsically disordered proteins. Here, we give selected examples of intrinsic disorde
YatesDale3066
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Objectives Older adults represent one of the fastest growing population groups. As the aged population increases, incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias will also increase. Professionals agree that early intervention is essential for therapeutic and quality of life purposes; however, many older adults wait several months or years to seek medical help after first noticing signs of cogniti
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enia.PURPOSE Multimorbidity and frailty are complex conditions often present in older people. The aim of this study was to identify clusters of chronic diseases in robust and frail individuals and compare sociodemographic and health characteristics between these clusters. METHODS This cross-sectional study used information from electronic health records and a baseline assessment, which included the Timed Up and G
FuttrupSwanson6326
AZD9668
The frequency-dependent capacitance of low-temperature solution-processed metal oxide (MO) dielectrics typically yields unreliable and unstable thin-film transistor (TFT) performance metrics, which hinders the development of next-generation roll-to-roll MO electronics and obscures intercomparisons between processing methodologies. Here, capacitance values stable over a wide frequency range are achieved in low-temp
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