Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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19, p = 0.985), but a significant difference between IVUS measurements and TTE derived diameters was found (t = 13.118, p = 0.034). On average, IVUS diameters were 2.3 mm larger than the results acquired by TTE (95% confidence interval 14.21-17.13).
Intravascular ultrasound examination of the ascending aorta provided larger diameters than the ones collected by means of TTE. However, IVUS measurements did
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The developed multiplexed LAMP can be employed as an alternative to PCR in diagnostic practice to save personnel and equipment time.In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering was used to reveal the transient microstructure of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/tungsten disulfide inorganic nanotubes (WS2NTs) nanocomposites. This microstructure is formed during the blow molding process (“tube expansion”) of an extruded polymer t
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The osmotic concentration of HM is a promising option for neonatal nutrition. Further studies are needed to establish an evidence base for the practical applications of this point-of-care device.
To evaluate the effectiveness in reducing pain by giving oral sucrose and non-pharmacological comfort measures prior to topical administration of mydriatic eye drops on premature infants
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CONCLUSION Despite mixed results, the findings of various preclinical studies are generally supportive of the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, showing some promise for potential benefits of these neurosteroids in the prevention and treatment. However, so far small clinical trials brought little evidence to support their therapy in AD. Therefore, large-scale human studie
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In today’s interconnected world, the significance of online security cannot be overstated. With Authentic fishing retreats growing number of digital attacks, individuals and organizations must prioritize security measures to shield their valuable data. Understanding Setting life priorities of digital protection is essential for living in the digital environmen
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At 10 years of age, offspring of preeclamptic mothers had a higher BMI z-score and were more likely classified as overweight/obese, but these differences were not statistically significant. After controlling for maternal prepregnancy BMI, parity, and smoking during pregnancy, there was a high magnitude change in the beta coefficient of preeclampsia in the linear (0.175; -0.014) and the logistic regression models (1.48;
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The term “dyadic interview” refers to interviewing two participants together. Although there has been an increase in the use of dyadic interviews as a data collection method in qualitative studies, the literature on the use of this method with older adults is limited. This study was designed to explore the suitability of dyadic interviews as a method of data collection among older adults living at home. The study
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Incidental durotomy during elective spine surgery is relatively common. While usually benign and self-limited, it can be associated with morbidity, increased cost, and medicolegal ramifications. Dural repair typically involves performing a primary closure using a suture or dural staple; repairs are then frequently augmented with a sealant, patch, or fat/fascial graft. Although primary repair of an incidental durotomy is
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The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) exerts inhibitory control over lordosis in female rats, but the influence of forebrain structures, such as prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), on LSN activity during sexual receptivity is unknown. We hypothesized that the neural responsivity of these connections may differ depending on sexual receptivity. Gonad
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4%. ADHD polypharmacy increased from 16.8% to 20.5%, whereas psychotropic polypharmacy increased from 26.0% to 40.7%. The most common ADHD combinations were stimulants and α-2 agonists (67.1%), whereas the most common concomitant psychotropic agents were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (14.4%) and second-generation antipsychotics (11.8%). Factors associated with polypharmacy were age, female sex (ps
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Despite positive public attitudes toward solid organ donation in the United States, some of the lowest rates of donor designation persist among older adults and Latinx populations.
To identify barriers and facilitators to organ donation and donor designation among lay health educators (
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Woody plants with high glucose content are alternative bioresources for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Various pretreatment methods may be used to reduce the effects of retardation factors such as lignin interference and cellulose structural recalcitrance on the degradation of the lignocellulose material of woody plants.
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Seeking to selectively functionalize natural and synthetic amphiphiles, we explored acylation of model amphiphilic diols. The use of a nucleophilic catalyst enabled a remarkable shift of the site selectivity from the polar site, preferred in background noncatalyzed or base-promoted reactions, to the apolar site. This tendency was significantly enhanced for organocatalysts comprising an imida
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To evaluate how variations in peri-operative urine culture (UCx) and antibiotic prophylaxis utilization following robot assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) affect post-RALP urinary tract infection (UTI) rates in children, then use data to generate a standardized care pathway.
Patients undergoing RALP at a single institution from January 2014 to October 2018 were retrosp
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In today’s fast-paced online world, mastering the art of digital marketing is vital for businesses seeking expansion. It is a ever-evolving field that demands ongoing adaptation and creativity. Whether you’re a small business owner or part of a large corporation, enhancing your marketing strategy can make a huge impact on your results.
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Herein we interrogate a type of heterolytic fragmentation reaction called a ‘divergent fragmentation’ using density functional theory (DFT), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and external electric field (EEF) calculations. We demonstrate that substituents, electrostatic environment and non-statistical dynamic effects all influence product selectivity in reactions th
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We found that older adults had significantly greater anterior-posterior SD of COP (p = 0.027) and power below 0.5 Hz (p = 0.048) than young adults, but power from 0.5-1 Hz was similar (p = 0.083). In contrast, the medial-lateral SD of COP (p = 0.5) and power from 0-1 Hz (p = 0.228) was similar for the two age groups. For both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction, the SD of COP was related to low frequency
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Further structural studies of SIgA-associated glycans would lead to the identification of those involved in the species-specific inhibition of attachment to corresponding epithelial cells.The ability to efficiently search for food is fundamental for animal survival. Olfactory messages are used to find food while being aware of the impending risk of predation. How these different olfactory clues are combined to op
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A chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the engineered biofunctional system, comprising bound endogenous BMP-2 and VEGF, is able to induce an increased angiogenic response. The angiogenic ability of this system, together with the osteogenic inductor BMP-2, enable obtaining an effective vascularized bone tissue engineering approach.Diffusion is an essential and fundamental means of transport o
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In recent years, distributed ledger technology has become a groundbreaking tool for sectors worldwide. The innovative technology underpins the ever-popular digital currencies, but its impact expand far beyond the world of finance. Understanding the importance of blockchain is crucial as companies endeavor to boost their efficiency and security in a dynamic environment.
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Median pretreatment Graded Prognostic evaluation in the S + SRS and FSRT teams had been 2.5 and 1.5, respectively (P less then .001). Median followup was 7 months. The KM estimation of 12-month LMD rate when you look at the S + SRS and FSRT groups was 45% and 19%, respectively (P = .048). The KM estimati
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Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall and is assembled from a lipid II precursor by glycosyltransferase and transpeptidase reactions catalyzed in particular by bifunctional class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs). In the major clinical pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PBP1B is anchored within the cytoplasmic membrane but regulated by a bespoke outer membrane-localized lipoprot
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Circulating microRNA (ct-miRNAs) are able to identify patients with differential response to HER2-targeted therapy. However, their dynamics are largely unknown. We assessed 752 miRNAs from 52 NeoALTTO patients with plasma pairs prior and two weeks after trastuzumab. Increased levels of ct-miR-148a-3p and ct-miR-374a-5p were significantly associated with pathological complete response (pCR) (p = 0.008 and 0.048, respectiv
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Global cropland expansion over the last century caused widespread habitat loss and degradation. Establishment of protected areas aims to counteract the loss of habitats and to slow species extinctions. However, many protected areas also include high levels of habitat disturbance and conversion for uses such as cropland. Understanding where and why this occurs may realign conservation priorities and inform prote
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Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to an antitumor M1 phenotype by photodynamic therapy is a promising strategy to overcome the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment for boosted immunotherapy. However, it remains unclear how the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from type I and II mechanisms, relate to the macrophage polarization efficacy. Herein, we design and synthesize three donor-acceptor structured photosen
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