Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
366,671 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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We performed comparative analysis of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in women in different climax stages with and without insomnia. The study involved 90 women aged 45 to 60 years divided into perimenopausal (n=30) and postmenopausal (n=60) groups. After questioning using special sleep questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), the groups were divided into subgroups
GuthrieReece2012
Tocilizumab
Larval settlement and metamorphosis is essential for the development of marine invertebrates. Although polysaccharides are involved in larval settlement and metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus, the molecular basis of polysaccharides underlying this progression remains largely unknown. Here, the roles of the polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene 01912 of Pseudoalteromonas marina ECSMB14103 in the regulation of larva
TerryPham1892
TAK-901 in vivo
Data was collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Results Significant improvements in affective clinical symptoms were observed at week 4 and were sustained at week 8. Significant improvements in subjective sleep quality were observed by week 8. No side effects or adverse effects associated with the probiotic supplement were observed. Conclusions The findings from this study support the existing evidence in this e
HoumannHolst6646
Ruboxistaurin
Most likely, the approach works because an interaction’s power to disrupt is the inevitable consequence of its selected-for power to benefit.
The objectives were to visualize the incisive canal (IC) remodelling following maximum incisor retraction and to evaluate its impact on canal-invasion-associated apical root resorption.
Pre- and post-treatment CBCT ima
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In this review, we focus on the link of neuroinflammation in AD as well as highlight the probable mechanisms of alkaloidal phytochemicals to combat neuroinflammatory aspect of AD.Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and
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Infectious pathogens are a global issue. Global air travel offers an easy and fast opportunity not only for people but also for infectious diseases to spread around the world within a few days. Also, large public events facilitate increasing infection numbers. Therefore, rapid on-site screening for infected people is urgently needed. Due to the small size and easy handling, ion mobility spectro
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Scheithauer et al. (2020) recently demonstrated that differences in the source of baseline data extracted from a functional analysis (FA) may not affect subsequent clinical decision-making in comparison to a standard baseline. These outcomes warrant additional quantitative examination, as correspondence of visual analysis has sometimes been reported to be unreliable. In the current study, we quantified the o
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Inflammation represents a cornerstone in the development of atherosclerosis and early detection is essential to avoid cardiovascular events. Biomarkers like interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, or high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been investigated intensively in this field. Since they have several limitations, additional biomarkers are needed for cardiovascular risk stratification. The acute phase protein
BuschLocklear2747
Navitoclax mouse
s in the 3′-UTR of Slit2 abolish this inhibition. Together, these data demonstrate a pro-fibrotic role of miR-424 in TGF-β1-induced HLF differentiation. It functions as a positive feed-back regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by reducing expression of the negative regulator Slit2. Thus, targeting miR-424 may provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent myofibroblast differentiation and IPF progression.In the
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EPZ015666
RKB and inhibits its phosphorylation, and chondroitinase treatment or deletion of PTPσ increases TRKB phosphorylation. Antidepressant fluoxetine disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ, thereby increasing TRKB phosphorylation. Thus, juvenile-like plasticity induced by both chondroitinase and antidepressant treatment is mediated by TRKB activation in PV+ interneurons.The retrieval of fear memory induces two opposi
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Moreover, CS&ED implementation can be an effective means for the managers to mitigate career-concerns.With respect to sustainable development, how to promote renewable energy is a major issue. Here, we introduce a hybrid subsidy mechanism that considers both input and output subsidies. Hybrid subsidies are analyzed with stochastic optimization approaches. An outstanding advantage of hybrid subsidies is th
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도박 사이트는 예금 보너스, 온라인 제안, 인센티브 프로그램 및 다양한 게임을 제공합니다. 또한, 실시간으로 딜러석과
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adults are critical to optimize personalized, effective, and safe antipsoriatic management in this growing patient group.
Who should receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination?
Catch-up vaccination is now recommended for all persons through age 26 years. For persons aged 27 through 45 years, clinicians and patients should now jointly decide whether HPV va
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The obtained results were statistically analyzed with Statistica PL 12.5., using the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Mean Ca level in the hair of the case group was lower than the mean level of this element in the control group. Mean As and Pb concentration in the hair of children with ASD was statistically significantly higher than the mean concentration of this element in the hair of
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Alternative splicing is a regulated process by which eukaryotic genes may produce diverse biological products. Defects in the process typically affect cellular function and can lead to disease. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been developed to detect alternative splicing events; however, the alternative splicing events detected by standard RNA-Seq may or may not be derived from full-length
BainRuiz2036
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Beet should be a healthy choice for use in domestic meal preparations and a source of ingredients to formulate added-value functionalized food products.Objective This study is designed to investigate the levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines (ACs) in the children with diabetes type 1 compared to the healthy subjects.Methods Forty-two type 1 diabetic children and healthy subjects were recruited in the stu
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The GBF group significantly decreased ankle inversion at IC (MD-7.3º, g = 1.6) and throughout the entire stride cycle (peak inversion MD-5.9º, g = 1.2). The NBF group did not have significantly altered gait biomechanics. The groups were significantly different after rehabilitation for the FAAM-ADL (GBF 97.1 ± 2.3%, NBF 92.0 ± 5.7%), TSK (GBF 29.7 ± 3.7, NBF 34.9 ± 5.8), and GROC (GBF 5.5 ± 1.0, NBF3
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Directed energy phased array (DEPA) systems have been proposed for applications such as beaming optical power for electrical use on remote sensors, rovers, spacecraft, and future moon bases, as well as for planetary defense against asteroids and photonic propulsion up to relativistic speeds. All such scenarios involve transmission through atmosphere and beam perturbations due to turbulence that must be quantified.
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In their article, Casiraghi, A. et al. describe a few relevant methods to assess the quality of a pharmaceutical preparation of oral viscous budesonide, intended to be swallowed, and treat the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis patients. They choose the following methods for this purpose rheological properties, syringeability, mucoadhesiveness, and in vitro penetration of budesonide in porcine esophageal tiss
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Bs among schizophrenic patients. However, further investigations are required to prove the actual roles of the above factors in developing DEBs among schizophrenic patients.
Since the occurrence of DEBs is independent of different phases of schizophrenia, the risk of DEBs is required to be evaluated during the entire course of schizophrenia especially at earlier stages of schizophrenia. Moreover, the us
MejiaBruhn2539
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BACKGROUND There are no sufficient data available on the use of febuxostat in patients undergoing dialysis. AIM We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of febuxostat in gout patients on dialysis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data available from a referral center from January 2012 to December 2018. We included gout patients who initiated febuxostat dur
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Fibroblasts are diverse mesenchymal cells that participate in tissue homeostasis and disease by producing complex extracellular matrix and creating signaling niches through biophysical and biochemical cues. Transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous across and within organs, fibroblasts encode regional positional information and maintain distinct cellular progeny. We summarize their development, lineages, functi
BainLoft3353
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Objectives To provide proof-of-concept for a protocol applying a strategy of personalized mechanical ventilation in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Positive end-expiratory pressure and inspiratory pressure settings were optimized using real-time electrical impedance tomography aiming to maximize lung recruitment while minimizing lung overdistension. Design Prospective interventional t
ArsenaultDalsgaard2015
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The purpose of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of cur-hydrogel on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial injury in vitro and in vivo, which lays a new theoretical and experimental foundation for the prevention and reduction of IRI.Malaria transmission persists despite the scale-up of interventions such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs)
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Pregnant women undergoing IVF with fresh ET whose course is complicated by late moderate-to-critical OHSS appear to experience shortened gestation and increased obstetrical and neonatal complications compared with matched controls whose course is not complicated by OHSS. However, the live birth rate, average neonatal weight, and inc
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The traditional technique for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) implantation involves three incisions and a subcutaneous (SC) pocket. An intermuscular (IM) 2-incision technique has been recently adopted.
We assessed acute defibrillation efficacy (DE) of S-ICD (DE ≤65 J) according to the implantation technique.
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We also attempt to analyze the safety of the most common surgical procedures such as cataract and refractive surgery in diabetic patients and to highlight the specific risk factors. We believe that information about the corneal nerve fibers’ condition obtained from the in vivo subbasal nerve plexus investigation may be crucial in monitoring peripheral small fiber polyneuropathy and that it will help with decision-m
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BACKGROUND Dispensations of benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, and gabapentinoids to patients on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are common and have pros and cons. The objectives of the current study are to define the dispensation rates of these potentially addictive drugs, and whether the number and the mean daily doses of dispensed OAT opioids and discontinuing OAT, are associated with being dispensed benzodiazepines,
OttoBeyer1550
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Purpose Some interleukins (ILs) play an important role in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) pathogenesis. We aimed to compare serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in GO patients, patients with Graves’ disease (GD) without GO and healthy controls (HC); to follow IL changes during glucocorticoid (GC) treatment for GO; to examine associations between ILs and Clinical Activity Score (CAS).Materials and Methods Thirty-one patients with active moderat
EskildsenNeumann0214
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Moreover, the optimized C60 film exhibits a high field-effect electron mobility of 2.5 cm2 V-1 s-1. These results provide an efficient route to engineering highly efficient optoelectronic graphene-OSC hybrid material applications. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Life sciences have been revolutionized by genome editing (GE) tools, including zinc finger nucleases,
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To explore the mechanism of how lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) stress affects photosynthesis of mulberry (Morus alba L.), we looked at the effects of different concentrations of Pb and Cd stress (at 100 and 200 μmol L-1), which are two heavy metal elements, on leaf chlorophyll (Chl), photosynthesis gas exchange, Chl fluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in mulberry leaves. The results showed
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Images are acquired via the Phenotiki sensor interface, collected, stitched and analysed. Root system architecture (RSA) parameters are quantified without intervention. RSA of a dicot (chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.) and a monocot (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) species, which exhibit contrasting root systems, were analysed. Insights into root system dynamics during vegetative and reproductive stages of the chickpea li
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This study is first to report on the biological activity and phytochemical profile of E. lanceolatus. We provide a baseline to consider E. lanceolatus as a valuable source of anti-infective and antiproliferative agents.This review is focused on the biogeochemistry of arsenic in freshwaters and, especially, on the key role that benthic microalgae and prokaryotic communities from biofilms play together in through specia
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A quarter of prokaryotic Family II inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) contain a regulatory insert comprised of two cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains and one DRTGG domain in addition to the two catalytic domains that form canonical Family II PPases. The CBS domain-containing PPases (CBS-PPases) are allosterically activated or inhibited by adenine nucleotides that cooperatively bind to the CBS d
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The tribological performance of organic molybdenum in the present of organic friction modifier was investigated in this study. Three types of organic friction modifiers were selected, which are Glycerol monooleate, Pentaerythritol and N,N-Dimethylhexadecylamine. The organic molybdenum are MoDTC, MoDDP and molybdenum amide. Friction coefficient and wear were studied in block-on-ring test rig with steel test specimens.
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Extensive evaluation shows the effectiveness of the proposed model in capturing long-range dependencies and recognizing action segments. Our models achieve state-of-the-art results on three datasets 50Salads, Georgia Tech Egocentric Activities (GTEA), and the Breakfast dataset.We in
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INTRODUCTION Liver transplant remains a surgical challenge in cases of portal vein thrombosis. Ten percent of patients listed for liver transplant have this diagnosis preoperatively. Although several techniques of portal revascularization are available, sometimes the best result is not achieved, depending on the extent of thrombosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to report our experience in 2 particular
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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease burden is associated with pulmonary status in asthmatic CRS patients. Asthma-related emergency department (ED) usage is a predictor of asthma-related mortality. We sought to determine whether measures of CRS disease burden are associated with asthma-related E
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05). Conclusion NUSAP1 knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells through suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in lung cancer cells.Objective To verify the value of whole genomic copy number variation (WGCNV) detection and scoring system in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Seventy-six lung adenocarcinoma specimens including ninety-o
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Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently spotlighted as building blocks for various nanostructured devices. Their collective properties have been exhibited by arranging them on a substrate to form assembled NPs. In particular, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an emerging fabrication method for such nanostructured films. To maximize the benefits of this method, further studies are required to fully elucidate
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Letters are regularly sent by healthcare organisations to healthcare professionals to encourage them to take action, change practice or implement guidance. However, whether letters are an effective tool in delivering a change in healthcare professional behaviour is currently uncertain. In addition, there are currently no eviden
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