Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
376,733 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Mast cell tumors were graded as 2 low (n = 11), 2 high (n = 2), and subcutaneous (n = 7). Optimal scan timing was 10 minutes after injection of iopamidol. Sentinel lymph node differed anatomically from LRLN in 5 of 18 scans. Metastases were detected by histology in 9 of 20 SLN compared with in 1 of 20 FNA of LRLN (P = .001), changing stage and adjunctive treatment recommendations 8 of 20 tumors. Only 6 of
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Expression of RPE marker genes such as BEST1 and CRALBP was retained in the wild-type (WT) and in the KCNJ13-KO hiPSC-RPE cells. However, phagocytic activity and expression of phagocytosis-related genes in the KCNJ13-null hiPSC-RPE cells were significantly reduced compared to those of WT. Conclusions We succeeded in generating an RPE model of LCA16 using hiPSCs. We suggest that Kir7.1 is required for phagocytos
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Hemophilia A (HA) is a F8 gene mutational disorder resulting in deficiency or dysfunctional FVIII protein. However, surprisingly, in few cases, HA is manifested even without mutations in F8. To understand this anomaly, we recently sequenced microRNAs (miRNAs) of two patients with mild and moderate HA with no F8 gene mutations and selected two highly expressing miRNAs, miR-374b-5p and miR-30
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Symptom-alleviating therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) management are inadequate. Long-term application of first-line treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is limited due to associated side effects. We believe that a combination of traditionally used botanical extracts, which have diverse active components that target multiple inflammatory pathways, may provide a safe and efficacious al
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With exposure emerging as a key ingredient in anxiety treatment for childhood anxiety disorders (CADs), expansion of exposure techniques is a promising avenue for improving treatment efficacy. The present study examined use of imaginal exposure (IE), a technique understudied in the treatment of CADs. Specifically, the study tested whether two forms of exposure to worries (verbal IE and virtual reality exposure ther
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Hinge-type molecular models for electron donors in reaction centers of Photosystems I and II and purple bacteria were investigated using a two-state computational approach based on frozen-density embedding (FDE). This methodology, dubbed FDE-diab, is known to avoid consequences of the self-interaction error as far as intermolecular phenomena are concerned, which allows a prediction of qualitatively correct spin densities f
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Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is one of the neuropathic pain syndromes that can occur following stroke involving the somatosensory system. However, the underlying mechanism of CPSP remains largely unknown. Here, we established a CPSP mouse model by inducing a focal hemorrhage in the thalamic ventrobasal complex and confirmed the development of mechanical allodynia. In this model, microglial activation was observed in the
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The japonica-originated genomic regions and alleles shared by HYVs can be employed in molecular breeding programs to further develop the HYVs in temperate rice.It is well known that environmental protection behaviors are influenced by both individual internal motivation and external environmental pressure, but few studies have looked at the two kinds of factors together. In order to study the influence mechanism of these two kinds of factors
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs playing a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. Evidence accumulating in the past decades indicate that they are capable of simultaneously modulating diverse signaling pathways involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the function of a highly conserved group of miRNAs, the miR-18
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The role of variety and effects of pickling on Egyptian olive fruit metabolome was determined using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics targeting nutrients and bioactive metabolities. The analyzed fresh olive fruit varieties included Manzanilo, Picual, Koroneiki, and Coratina, while the pickled samples included the Manzanilo and Picual varieties. Profiling of primary and secondary metabolites resul
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