Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
358,166 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Whole-body vibration training is useful for eliciting additional training benefits, but whether vibration-based cycle ergometry would elicit similar benefits has been largely unexplored. Thirteen participants were recruited to investigate differences in vibration (VB) cycle ergometry compared to non-vibration (NV) cycle ergometry with regards to oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 ) kinetics, rating of perceived exertion (
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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people since December 2019. Summarizing the development of COVID-19 and assessing the effects of control measures are very critical to China and other countries. A logistic growth curve model was employed to compare the development of COVID-19 before and after the emergency response took effect. We found
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05) and maximal squat jump height (E + S 8 ± 6%, S 14 ± 7%, p less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, concurrent training did not impair the adaptations in the ability to develop force at low contraction velocities or muscle hypertrophy. However, concurrent training attenuated strength training-associated changes in the ability to develop force at higher muscular contraction velocities.BACKGROUND Squamous
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Poly(methyl methacralyate) (PMMA) has long been used in dentistry as a base polymer for dentures, and it is recently being used for the 3D printing of dental materials. Despite its many advantages, its susceptibility to microbial colonization remains to be overcome. In this study, the interface between 3D-printed PMMA specimens and oral salivary biofilm was studied following the addition of zwitterionic materials, 2-
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DNA extracted from fecal samples contains DNA from the focal species, food, bacteria and pathogens. Most DNA quantification methods measure total DNA and cannot differentiate among sources. Despite the desirability of noninvasive fecal sampling for studying wildlife populations, low amounts of focal species DNA make it difficult to use for next-generation sequencing (NGS), where accurate DNA quantification is
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C-reactive protein (CRP) has a prognostic impact in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the acute phase reaction involves many other proteins depending on its inducing events, including various cytokines that can function as reaction inducers. In the present study, we compared the pretreatment acute phase cytokine profile for 144 patients with potentially curative HNSCC. We investigated the syst
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In contrast, small wing and femur size caused by poor larval diet could not be increased with the adult diet. Taken together, these results suggest that appendage size is fixed by the larval diet, while those related to body composition remain sensitive to adult diet. Further, our studies provide a foundation for understanding how the nutritional environment of juveniles affects how adults respond to diet. Diet composi
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and confounding factors that may mediate the relationships between nursing characteristics, development of leadership and enhancement of leadership development programs also require further examination. Targeted development of nursing leadership will help ensure that nurses of the future are well equipped to tackle the challenges of a burdened health-care system.
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Copyright© 2020 Avicenna Research Institute.Background Zinc-finger Enhancer Binding protein (ZEB1) acts as a transcription factor to promote cancer progression through regulating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). It is well-known that ZEB1 mRNA expression is directly induced by both Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR). Moreover, Androgen Receptor (AR) and PR could bind to the same regulatory
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The disproportionate evolutionary expansion of the human cerebral cortex with reinforcement of cholinergic innervations warranted a major rise in the functional and metabolic load of the conserved basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system. Given that acetylcholine (ACh) regulates properties of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau and promotes non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), growing neocortex
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by a defect in the muscle dividing the thoracic and abdominal cavities. This leads to herniation of the abdominal organs into the thorax and a disturbance of lung development. Two-thirds of cases are identified by prenatal ultrasound in the second trimester, which should prompt referral to a tertiary center for prognosis assessment and counseling by a multidisciplinary t
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Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Limited real-world data on its effectiveness and safety are available from an Italian population.
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Odanacatib (ODN), a selective oral inhibitor of cathepsin K, was an investigational agent previously in development for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this analysis, the effects of ODN on bone remodeling/modeling and structure were examined in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven, Phase 3, Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT; NCT00529373) and planned double-blind extension in postmenop
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BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcifications were already ubiquitous in ancient populations from all continents. Although nowadays generally considered as an innocent end stage of stabilised atherosclerotic plaques, increasing evidence suggests that arterial calcifications contribute to cardiovascular risk. In this review we address abdominal aortic calcification from an evolutionary perspective and review the literat
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This study is to investigate the presence of brain gray matter abnormalities in young onset essential tremor (ET) patients with arm tremor. Thirty ET patients together with 30 healthy volunteers were taken as candidates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and voxel-based morphometry was used to compare gray matter density between the patients and volunteers. Washington Heights-Inwood Genetic Study of Es
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Growing incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been detected recently. Multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven as tumor facilitators or inhibitors by extensive works. Present study concentrated on characterizing the potential role of LINC01123 in LUAD. We explored the differential expression of LINC01123 through qRT-PCR and found the amplification of LINC01123 in LUAD cell lines. It was ascertained t
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In light of these results, we conclude that the SENS-IS assay is able to correctly identify the presence of sensitizers in medical devices extracts.Renal fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix and progressively leads to functional insufficiency and even total loss of kidney function. In this study we investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of two
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High prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis is observed among sexual minority samples. It is unclear if sexual minority individuals are systematically diagnosed with BPD at higher rates than heterosexual individuals, and if potential diagnostic disparity can be explained by differences in maladaptive personality domains. Utilizing data from partial hospital patients (N = 1,099) the current stu
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As scientific and technical knowledge advances, research on biomedical micro-electromechanical systems (bio-MEMS) is also developing towards lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. A digital microfluidic (DMF) system specialized for an electrowetting- on-dielectric (EWOD) mechanism is a promising technique for such point-of-care systems. EWOD microfluidic biochemical analytical systems provide applications over a broad range in
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For the first time, a prototype HS-GC-MS-IMS dual-detection system is presented for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fields of quality control of brewing hop. With a soft ionization and drift time-based ion separation in IMS and a hard ionization and m/z-based separation in MS, substance identification in the case of co-elution was improved, substantially. Machine learning tools were used for a n
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Administration of NS309 immediately before and during CP hypoxia significantly improved the recovery of coronary endothelial function, as demonstrated by increased relaxation responses to adenosine 5′-diphosphate and substance P compared with those seen in controls (P less then .05). This protective effect was more pronounced in vessels from ND mice and patients compared with DM mice and pati
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Determination of 135Cs concentration and 135Cs/137Cs atomic ratio is of great importance in characterization of radioactive waste from decommissioning of nuclear facilities. In this work, an effective analytical method was developed for simultaneously determination of 135Cs and 137Cs in different types of waste samples (steel, zirconium alloy, r
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© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dermoscopy has proven its value in the diagnosis of skin cancer and, therefore, is well established in daily dermatology practice. Up until now, analogue white light dermoscopy is the standard. Multispectral dermoscopy is based on illumination of the skin with narrowband light sources with different wavelengths. Each of these wavelengths is
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Liquid droplets embedded in soft solids are a new composite material whose properties are not very well explored. In particular, it is unclear how the elastic properties of the matrix affect the dynamics of the droplets. Here, we study theoretically how stiffness gradients influence droplet growth and arrangement. We show that stiffness gradients imply concentration gradients in the dilute phase, which transport dro
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