Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
365,338 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Quantitative analysis revealed an increase in laterality index (LI) in non-English fMRI compared to English fMRI. The Dice coefficient demonstrated fair overlap (.458 ± .160) between the activation maps. CONCLUSION Bilingual fMRI mapping of bilingual patients allows to better appreciate functionally active language areas that may be neglected in single language mapping. Utility of bilingual mapping was supported by chan
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Urgent cranioplasty fully reverses the neurologic symptoms of SoT. This article presents a recent case of SoT following inflation of a scalp tissue expander.A review of the literature was performed and case details obtained from the electronic medical record. Our patient had a large craniectomy defect following traumatic brain injury. A scalp tissue expander was used before secondary cranioplasty.
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The findings from our study have policy implications for policy makers in Rwanda and in the world generally. We recommend the government to significantly increase public spending on health. Domestic financial resources are key to moving closer to universal health coverage (UHC) and should be increased on a long-term basis. In addition, these results will be useful for the future to assess the out-of-pocket health expendit
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We propose an automated method for the segmentation of lumen intima layer of the common carotid artery in longitudinal mode ultrasound images. The method is hybrid, in the sense that a coarse segmentation is first achieved by optimizing a locally defined contrast function of an active oblong considering its five degrees-of-freedom, and subsequently the fine segmentation and delineation of the carotid a
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is an indolent lymphoma that has the potential to develop into a more aggressive lymphoma, known as Richter transformation (RT)1 . RT dramatically changes the course of CLL/SLL requiring urgent recognition and appropriate treatment.Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an unprecedented global public health challenge, leading
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This indicates that, under the considered conditions during a spacewalk in the charged ionospheric plasma of space, astronauts could experience possibly harmful involuntary motor response and sensory pain nerve activation.Hamilton DR. Electrical shock hazard severity estimation during extravehicular activity for the International Space Station. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4)231239.INTRODUCTION In fighter
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Recent neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have highlighted the potential role of abnormalities in fear learning processes. We compared brain activation -as assessed with whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging- during fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and fear extinction recall in patients with OCD (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18). We also investigated whether brain act
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Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are evidenced-based multidisciplinary programs implemented in the perioperative setting to improve postoperative recovery and attenuate the surgical stress response. However, evidence on their effectiveness in thyroid and parathyroid surgery remains sparse. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of ERAS protoco
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Many community sporting clubs in Australia sell alcohol, but many do not comply with laws that require verification of age and forbid underage alcohol sales. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an intervention that incorporated sales monitoring and community awareness raising to improve compliance with alcohol service regulations in community sporting clubs.
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Among the three models, random forest model achieved the best performance the accuracy was 84.9% in the leave-one-out cross validation of discovery dataset and 83.6% (sensitivity 81.2%, specificity 84.4%) in the validation dataset. In conclusion, we developed a 10-protein diagnostic panel by the random forest model that was able to distinguish acute appendicitis from confusable acute abdomens with high specificity,
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In today’s rapidly changing world, the notion of eco-friendliness has gained significant attention. As of global challenges grows, people worldwide are embracing sustainable living to minimize their carbon footprint.
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This article explores the effects of early cognitive training and rehabilitation for patients with cognitive dysfunction in stroke.
Stroke patients have cognitive dysfunction, and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in stroke patients is six to nine times that of patients without stroke. This article selects 118 patie
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Few studies have investigated the short-term effect of personal temperature exposure on blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). We conducted this longitudinal panel study with real-time monitoring of SpO2 and environmental exposure for 3 continuous days for 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 20 healthy volunteers in Hong Kong, to explore the time course (from minutes to hours) of change in SpO
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Much like a medical doctor might buy an X-ray or blood test, a psychologist can utilize mental tests and other tools to assist understand the reasons for your symptoms. An experienced psychological health exp
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Developing a photocatalytic system for water splitting to H2 is a promising strategy to address fossil fuel consumption. Exploring photocatalysts with high-performance, steady and low-cost has been the essential goals toward photo-reduction of water. Herein, noble-metal-free polyoxometalate Na12[(α-SbW9O33)2Cu3(H2O)3]·46H2O (Cu3POM) was coupled with mesoporous, multiphase TiO2 (Meso-TiO2) for
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Purpose Given the recent COVID-19 pandemic and its stress on global medical resources, presented here is the development of a machine intelligent method for thoracic computed tomography (CT) to inform management of patients on steroid treatment. Approach Transfer learning has demonstrated strong performance when applied to medical imaging, particularly when only limited data are available. A cascaded
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The current chemotherapy agents against various forms of leishmaniasis have some problems and side effects, including high toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. Here, we aimed to review the preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) on the anti-leishmanial activity of chitosan and chitosan-based particles against
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In today’s world, where global travel is at its peak, eco-friendly travel has emerged a key concept. The idea of traveling while reducing ecological footprint and benefiting local communities is gaining momentum. This article aims to delve into the significance of eco-friendly travel and provide valuable information on how to embark on conscientious travel.
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The phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence has transformed various industries, from healthcare to economics, and continues to affect our everyday lives. Grasping of AI is crucial as it plays a key role in the future. This piece seeks to examine the various facets of AI and its prospects.
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Heller myotomy (HM) is an established treatment for achalasia but can fail in up to 10-20% of patients. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may be an appropriate treatment for patients with failed HM.
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol employing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Resveratrol treatment significantly protects the PD related pathological markers like level of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3). Disease pathology involves significantly decreased
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Many children are exposed to second-hand smoke in the home and are at increased risk of asthma and other respiratory conditions. In Scotland, a public health mass-media campaign was launched on March 24, 2014, called Take it Right Outside (TiRO), with a focus on reducing the exposure of children to domestic second-hand smoke. In this study, our aim was to establish whether the TiRO campaign was followed by a decre
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