Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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This model system may facilitate the research and development of novel treatments for CF-associated gastrointestinal diseases.Chagas disease remains a major social and public health problem in Latin America. Benznidazole (BZN) is the main drug with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Due to the high number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), BZN is underprescribed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic and tr
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Here, we propose a patient-specific assessment of factors affecting on-tumor from off-tumor activity in disparate immunologic environments that impact ACT’s clinical efficacy and may favorably balance the TI. for ACT products.
To determine safety and efficacy of single cycle induction treatment with cisplatin/docetaxel and durvalumab/tremelimumab in stage III-IVB head and neck cancer.
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05). Deaths in Baltimore City/County were more likely than in other locations to involve fentanyl/alcohol (P < 0.05).
The majority of fentanyl-involved overdose deaths in Maryland involved multiple substances, and several demographic and geographic differences in these patterns emerged. Geographically-targeted interventions that are tailored to reduce the harms associ
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Salmonella Heidelberg the most typical serovar causing foodborne health problems. To limit the growth of digestion infection, food supplements containing probiotic bacteria are recommended. Commensal non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis has already been suggested as a next-generation probiotic candidate. Simply by using an original triple co
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To investigate the scope of this challenge, we evaluated splicing and downstream effects of 52 naturally occurring CFTR variants (exonic = 15, intronic = 37). Expression of constructs containing select CFTR intronic sequences and complete CFTR exonic sequences in cell line models allowed for assessment of RNA and protein-level effects on an allele by allele basis. Characterization of primary nasal epithelial cel
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In the modern digital landscape, comprehending the notion of online marketing is crucial. With shifting towards internet channels, mastering digital marketing techniques can dramatically enhance your presence. This guide seeks to deliver guidance on how to thrive in digital marketing, catering to diverse audiences.
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Here, we discuss how lncRNAs participate in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and how they can contribute to the deregulation of each signaling pathway in CRC. Finally, we describe currently available molecular tools to develop lncRNA-targeted cancer therapies.Beamforming technology is an essential method in acoustic imaging or reconstruction, which has been widely used in sound source localization and no
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The human betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 (subgenus Embecovirus) arose from separate zoonotic introductions, OC43 relatively recently and HKU1 apparently much longer ago. Embecovirus particles contain two surface projections called spike (S) and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE), with S mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion, and HE acting as a receptor-destroying enzyme. Together, they pro
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The operation time of the PG (54.1 ± 12 minutes) group was significantly shorter than that of the PL (60.9 ± 11.3 minutes) group (P = 0.045). At the one-month follow-up, the incidence of foreign body feeling in the PG group was significantly higher than that in the PL group (P = 0.031), whereas no significant difference was observed in visual analog scale ≥3 and QOL. In a follow-up of three months, one year, and two yea
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There were substantial differences in OS according to tumour subtype. In addition to tumour s
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Serial TEG testing was successful at managing multiple coagulopathies in a patient at risk for trauma-induced compartment syndrome.
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In the ever-evolving landscape of digital marketing, keyword optimization has become crucial for companies aiming to improve their online presence. Understanding the context and effective use of keywords is instrumental in driving traffic to websites and engaging target audiences. This article delves into the significance of keyword optimization and provides
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Many measures have been proposed for myocardial protection in pediatric congenital heart surgeries, but little data is available for China. This study investigates myocardial protection strategies in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) throughout China. Online questionnaires were delivered to 100 hospitals in 27 provinces. The number of yearly on-pump pediatric cardiovascular surgeries in these hospitals varied greatly. About
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The results reveal that the Form II polymorph of enalapril maleate is the more stable of the two under ambient conditions, and that this stability is driven by a greater intermolecular cohesion energy as compared to Form I.Sandwich lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are limited at high antigen concentrations by the hook effect, leading to a contradictory decrease in the test line (T)
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Virtual Reality (VR) is quickly transforming various industries, such as education. As we move into a more digitally driven world, the relevance of VR in contemporary learning cannot be overstated. This pioneering technology offers new possibilities for engaging students and improving educational outcomes.
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To derive a clinical prediction rule for early recovery of knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty.
This prospective cohort study evaluated the data of 273 individuals undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. The individual factors, the physical and motor function data were assessed preoperatively upon admission as a baseline survey. The knee joint extension angl
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Risk estimates converge at higher levels of information seeking, suggesting that high information seekers consume news from sources across the political spectrum. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for the study of online echo chambers and their practical implications for public health officials and emergency managers.Background Initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) c
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although acetaminophen is frequently used during pregnancy, little is known about fetal acetaminophen pharmacokinetics. Acetaminophen safety evaluation has typically focused on hepatotoxicity, while other events (fetal ductal closure/constriction) are also relevant. We aimed to develop a fetal-maternal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model (f-m PBPK) to quantitatively p
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Background In-hospital mortality is a key indicator of the quality of care. Studies so far have demonstrated the influence of patient and hospital-related factors on in-hospital mortality. Currently, new variables, such as nursing workload or the level of dependency, are being incorporated. We aimed to identify which individual, clinical and hospital char
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When the added P concentration is higher than 20 mg/L, a heterogeneously distributed fouling layer formed of calcium phosphate clusters covered by proteins in an arborescence structure is observed.Nicorandil, a balanced vasodilator, is used in the second-line therapy of angina pectoris. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the effects of nicorandil on inflammation, apoptosis, and atherosclerotic plaque progression. Twe
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