Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
381,789 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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To evaluate the oxygen reserve index (ORI) as a noninvasive estimate of the PaO
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> 100, > 150 (20.0 kPa) and > 200 mmHg in anaesthetized donkeys w
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DEG-35 molecular weight
Control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) heavily relies on universal access to testing to identify who is infected; tracking them to make sure they do not spread the disease further; and tracing those with whom they have been in contact. The recent surge in COVID-19 cases in Zimbabwe is an urgent national public health concern and requires coordinated efforts to scale up testing using capacity alrea
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Several reports identified that the only remedy to the contamination problem was to replace the ice machine with a new machine. Two qualitative risk assessment models are presented for (i) patients exposed to contaminated ice machine but before NTM colonization/infection and (ii) patients already colonized with NTMs from ice machines. Therefore, to protect immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients’ safety, especia
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Copyright © 2020 Das, Bastian, Trestan, Suh, Dey, Trapp, Baltan and Dana.Sprouty2 (Spry2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are both well-established regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, and knockdown of Spry2 or PTEN enhances axon regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. The major role of Spry2 is the inhibition of the rat sarcoma RAS/extracellular
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Machine learning methods have enabled the low-cost evaluation of molecular properties such as energy at an unprecedented scale. While many of such applications have focused on molecular input based on geometry, few studies consider representations based on the underlying electronic structure. Directing the attention to the electronic structure offers a unique challenge that allows for a mo
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65 × 1010 MJ damage to resources. Besides, annual medical face mask production results in 5.88 × 104 TJ demand for exergy. On the other hand, if used makes are not appropriately handled, they can lead to 4.99 × 105 Pt/yr additional damage to the environment in 2020 as determined by the EDIP 2003. Replacement of fossil-based plastics with bio-based plastics, at rates ranging from 10 to 100%, could mitigate the
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In addition, ACG treatment remarkably down-regulated the expression of TLR4, p-P65, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) in lung tissue. Further, ACG treatment decreased the expression of receptor-related orphan receptor (RORγt) in lung tissue but increased that of Forkhead box (Foxp3). In conclusion, the above results demonstrate that ACG alleviates the severity of asthma in a ´multi-compound and multi-target
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78; P = .003) and strength-only (OR, 1.73; P < .001) guidelines. Older age (per 10 years) was associated with being less likely to meet the combined (OR, 0.69; P = .009) and aerobic-only (OR, 0.59; P < .001) guidelines and more likely to meet the strength-only guideline (OR, 1.46; P = .004).
Exercise levels are very low among Korean cancer patients and are correla
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Kemenangan amat sering dalam suatu permainan taruhan judi online merupakan satu poin utama yang benar-benar diingini dan dikehendaki oleh banyaknya pemain. Namun untuk menang tiada henti itu rupanya betul-betul bukan hal yang ringan lantaran diperlukan proses panjang yang wajib dilintasi terlebih dulu. Kalau anda menang cuma karena hoki barangkali dapat dijalankan yang amat gampang sebab itu umumnya hadir spontan.
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Regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA) is a general multiblock data analysis framework that encompasses several important multivariate analysis methods such as principal component analysis, partial least squares regression, and several versions of generalized canonical correlation analysis. In this article, we extend RGCCA to the case where at least one block has a tensor structure. This method is ca
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The film improved the microbiological quality of cheeses during storage. Consequently, it is worth continuing research for the improvement of this film in order to enable its use in everyday life.Immature mammals require opportunities to develop skills that will affect their competitive abilities and reproductive success as adults. One way these benefits may be achieved is through play behavior. While skills in deve
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The proposed classification of the insular gliomas was an independent predictor of the EOR a
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We have developed an in-situ method using sonication (3 mm probe sonicator, 30 W, 20 kHz) and auto-reduction (control) to study the mechanism of the formation of manganese dioxide (MnO2) on a solid template (silk film), and its resulting enzymatic activity on tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. The fabrication of the silk film was first optimized for stability (no degradation) and optical
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Chromatin organizes DNA and regulates its transcriptional activity through epigenetic modifications. Heterochromatic regions of the genome are generally transcriptionally silent, while euchromatin is more prone to transcription. During DNA replication, both genetic information and chromatin modifications must be faithfully passed on to daughter strands. There is evidence that DNA polymerases play a role in transcript
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PURPOSE Surgery is the treatment of choice in early stage I lung adenocarcinoma. However, a considerable portion of patients experience recurrence within the first two years following complete resection. Especially suitable prognostic biomarkers are not available that identify patients at high risk for recurrence who may probably benefit from adjuvant treatment. This study aimed to identify methylation markers for
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Taste preferences in fishes are known mainly for carnivorous species, whereas herbivorous consumers were rarely used in such studies. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the taste preferences in the herbivorous African cichlid fish, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In laboratory settings, the palatability of widely used taste substances (four taste substances that are considered to be sweet, sour, bitter a
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Antarctica has hosted a wide range of ecosystems over the past 500-million years. Early in the Mesozoic, the Antarctic portion of southern Pangaea had a more habitable climate, but its position within the polar circle imposed extreme photoperiod seasonality on its resident flora and fauna. It remains unclear to what degree physiological adaptations underpinned the ability of tetrapods to establish the terrestrial
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the local distribution and activity of sympathetic nerves in myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and explore the pathological mechanism of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) using a rat model of disease. METHODS MPS was modeled in the model group (MG) by a combination of blunt trauma and eccentric exercise in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8). Eight rats were randomly assigned to the c
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Background Cognitive function may change over time in patients with SLE, and cognitive function trajectories have not well been studied. We aim to 1) identify cognitive function trajectories in SLE and describe it with depressive symptoms trajectories and 2) identify baseline factors associated with class membership in the dual trajectories. Methods Longitudinal data from the University of California San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study were
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The synthesis, single-crystal X-ray structure, and 1H and 13C NMR spectrocopic analyses of an unyielding precursor molecule to a cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene, 1-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione, C24H34ClNO2 (1), is reported. Despite the use of several bases, 1 could not be deprotonated to afford the corresponding carbene. The crystal structure of
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Introduction The application of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to assess bone microarchitecture has grown rapidly since its introduction in 2005. As the use of HR-pQCT for clinical research continues to grow, there is an urgent need to form a consensus on imaging and analysis methodologies so that studies can be appropriately compared. In addition, with the recent introduction of the se
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With the digitalisation of patient medical records, providing patients with free access to their electronic medical record (EMR) has become an important topic of debate in many countries. Recent studies show that the quality of treatment in healthcare may be improved by encouraging patients to take an active part in their care. Providing patients with access to their EMR may also improve the patient-doctor rela
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Finally, a 7.41 Mb genomic region on chromosome 1 was identified, and 7 candidate genes were annotated to participate in high temperature-related stress response. A candidate gene Zm00001d033339 encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase was proposed to be the most likely causative gene contributing to the thermotolerance at flowering by involving in stomatal movement (GO 0010119) via Abscisic acid (ABA) pathway (KO04075).
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The novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic resulting in nearly 20 million infections across the globe, as of August 2020. Critical to the rapid evaluation of vaccines and antivirals is the development of tractable animal models of infection. The use of common laboratory strains of mice to this end is hindered by significant divergence of the angiote
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3% in LCP group (p = 0.40). Moreover, older age, fracture comminution and compression plate fixation predispose to neck shortening. Conclusion Dynamic limited axial compression by SMBP or LCP fixation was effective to improve the functional outcome of patients with Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures.Background and objectives Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that reverses the effects of aminostero
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While also of price into the study of individual white matter, the structure is rarely fixed adequately when it comes to forms of detailed analyses which can be done on well-preserved samples from animal designs, perfusion fixed during the time of death. In this chapter we describe methods for obtaining, processing, and visualizing white matter examples using transmission
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The objective of the study was to assess the effect of enhanced mucoadhesion of a cationic mucoadhesive nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) on its ocular disposition after topical administration. The NLC was made mucoadhesive by surface coating with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a low molecular weight derivate of chitosan which is more suitable for drug delivery applications as c
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Forty-one studies reported the identification of stakeholders, 50 differentiated/categorised them and 25 analysed stakeholder relationships. Only some authors proposed future actions based on the results obtained in their stakeholder analysis. A list of Reporting Items for Stakeholder Analysis (i.e., the RISA tool) is proposed to contribute to the reporting guidelines to enhancing the quality and transparency of h
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Endoscopic fasciotomy of the forearm for chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) has gained popularity recently.
To systematically review the literature of endoscopic fasciotomy for CECS of the forearm, aiming to assess the outcomes and complications of the different endoscopic fasciotomy techniques described in the literature.
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Black men who have sex with men and women (BMSMW) experience pressure to fill hypermasculine ideals and may not identify with “gay” cultural norms. Existing measures of gender role expectations and internalized homophobia are not culturally appropriate for BMSMW. Researchers generally measure categorical identification with race, gender, and sexual orientation groups separately, whereas BMSMW may identify with multiple cat
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The role of social support in the online setting is explored in this study. For this purpose, the posts of infertility treatment patients participating in an infertility treatment online support group between 2002 and 2016 were retrieved. Members who contributed at least 100 words were divided into two groups according to the treatment outcome they reported (pregnancy). The association between the length of group membershi
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Quantum mechanics, often perceived as a daunting field, plays a significant role in the advancement of modern technology and science comprehension. From explaining the behavior of subatomic particles to driving innovations in sectors like computing and materials science, this branch of physics offers a window into the basic laws of nature.</
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Aliphatic groups and amides associated with protein-like matter were responsible for the Cu(II) binding to MDOM, whereas phenolic and aromatic groups mainly participated in the complexation of BDOM-Cu(II). The CO group of amide I in the MDOM, and polysaccharide in the BDOM, showed the fastest response to Cu(II). This study was helpful for elucidating the effects of fresh and pyrolyzed biomaterials (biochars) on the enviro
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The Science Behind Appliance Fixes: HOW IT OPERATES With regards to our modern lives, we heavily rely on appliances to make our day-to-day actions more convenient and efficient. From refrigerators to washing machines, these devices have got become an essential component of our daily routines. However, what occurs when these appliances break down That’s where kitchen appliance repairs come into play. But have you e
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Muscle diffusion tensor imaging (mDTI) is a quantitative MRI technique that can provide information about muscular microstructure and integrity. Ultrasound and DTI studies have shown intramuscular differences, and therefore separation of different muscles for analysis is essential. The commonly used methods to assess DTI metrics in muscles are manual segmentation and tract-based analysis. Recently methods su
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