Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
386,067 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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5%). The highest percentage of alloantibodies belongs to the Rh blood group system, followed by the Kell system, then Duffy, MNS, Kidd, and Lewis. Patients who received combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy exhibited a lesser antibody response compared to other patients.
The prevalence of alloimmunization in our study is comparable to previous reports
NashDissing8794
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73% test accuracy on the task of classifying handwritten digits (based on the MNIST dataset), within 0.6% of the software baseline. The architecture is further evaluated using accurate behavioral models of PCM on a wide class of networks, namely convolutional neural networks, long-short-term-memory networks, and generative-adversarial networks. Accuracies comparable to those of floating-point implementations are achieved w
RandallDuncan9437
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We characterized 515 Mycoplasma pneumoniae specimens in Hokkaido. In 2013 and 2014, the p1 gene type 1 strain, mostly macrolide-resistant, was dominant and the prevalence of macrolide resistance was over 50 %. After 2017, the p1 gene type 2 lineage, mostly macrolide-sensitive, increased and the prevalence of macrolide resistance became 31.0 % in 2017, 5.3 % in 2018 and 16.3 % in 2019.
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are the main limitations of this study. Moreover, the follow-up period of the most recently operated patients was too short to draw conclusions on long-term outcomes, including sexual function.
In all patients in this case series, vNOTES hysterectomy after prior vNOTES adnexal surgery was successfully performed. Large-scale prospective trials with long-term follow-up ar
McCurdyMcNeil9542
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the neuroprotective factor heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated via the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/CREB pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that BTS has considerable potential as an anti-neuroinflammation and antidepressant agent, as it has clear effects on depressive behaviors and associated factors caused by reserpine-induced depression.Cytochrome c oxidase subunit
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Also, its impact on their caregivers really should not be ignored. Additional analysis is necessary to understand the role of personal and social aspects into the development and influence of stigma, and will assist production of antistigma interventions.Merkel mobile carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown ori
HawleyPadgett4230
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SDG may act as a supramolecular binding component and naturally occurring metal chelating agent for metal cations like Cd2+. Therefore, flaxseed lignan-SDG can be used as a therapeutic agent against nephrotoxicity caused by cadmium. However, detailed future studies are needed to know the underlying mechanism of action of SDG against the Cd and other heavy metals induced nephrotoxicity.Purpose Neonatal hypoglycemic brain in
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Multimodal integration is an important process in perceptual decision-making. In humans, this process has often been shown to be statistically optimal, or near optimal sensory information is combined in a fashion that minimizes the average error in perceptual representation of stimuli. However, sometimes there are costs that come with the optimization, manifesting as illusory percepts. We review audio-visual
RodgersIvey9835
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Individual antecedents hardly vary in the presence of significant contextual antecedents, but HWS may leave users with fewer resources to cope with the negative effects of technology use. Future research should explore additional contextual factors and interventions that may alleviate technostress among seniors.
Individual antecedents hardly vary in the presence of significant contextua
MccarthyReyes0940
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer share a variety of risk factors and pathophysiological features. It is becoming increasingly accepted that the two diseases are related, and that T2DM increases the risk of certain malignancies. This review summarizes recent advancements in the elucidation of functions of insulin-like growth fac
BrowneVang6926
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Further, modulation of LdTCP1γ expression in parasite also modulates the levels of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) of the host macrophages. The study provides evidence for the involvement of a chaperonin protein LdTCP1γ in the protection against miltefosine induced oxidative damage and reveals the fundamental role of LdTCP1γ in parasite biology.The current study in
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) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This could be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases.The application of rhizobial cells for improving pigeon pea fitness has been practiced for ages. As cell-based approaches have limitations, the focus is on the usage of
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fracture, one had hip dislocation, and four (12% [4/34 cases]) had local recurrence. Mean MSTS functional outcome score at follow-up was 73% (range, 23-100%), with a full weight bearing at an average time of 73 days from surgery of lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS Custom-made 3D-printed prostheses represent at today a promising reconstructive technique, maintaining however the correct indications for their use in
TownsendBallard9938
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04-0.12) in the intracranial approach and 10% (95% CI, 0.01-0.23) in the extracranial approach The subgroup analysis of the intracranial approach showed higher CSF leakage prevalence in the frontal craniotomy approach (9%; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16) than the subfrontal osteotomy (6%; 95% CI, 0.03-0.12). Meta-analysis study revealed a significantly higher risk of CSF leakage (OR 2.82; 95% CI, 1.03-7.72),
LarsonSnyder2150
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Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) has recently been introduced for the visualization of retinal structures within the operating microscope.
The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of the retina and morphological features during surgery for retinal detachment with macular involvement.
Aretrospective an
PridgenMcCallum0912
Tiragolumab
Conclusion Consistent with the Technology Acceptance Model, carers and participants were influenced by their approaches to technology and determined the usefulness of the prompter according to whether it worked for them and fitted into their routines. In addition, participants’ decisions about using the prompter were also determined by the extent to which doing so would impact on their self-identity.Objec
VangsgaardStafford2012
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survey studies are recommended to better understand the factors influencing the perceptions and behaviours of shared and private e-scooters and pedestrians. The knowledge gained from these studies needs to be integrated with injury outcome data to determine the appropriateness of rules for maximum speeds and locations of riding in terms of both rider and pedestrian safety.Carpooling consists of drivers and passengers sharin
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[This corrects the article DOI 10.1155/2019/6357256.].Autoimmune cytopenia, a known paraneoplastic complication of lymphoid neoplasms, may occur before, concurrently, at relapse, or even years after completion of lymphoma treatment. In the case of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), it is thought that immune dysregulation, typical of this neoplasm, may be involved in the genesis of these manifestations. We repo
HensonWalton8193
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The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the ways in which disabled people are made more vulnerable due to structural inequalities. These vulnerabilities are theresult of the interaction between individual and structural factors that shape how risk is experienced by disabled people. In Australia, these vulnerabilities are influenced by the way disability services and care for disabled people are delivered through a consume
CainBjerg4261
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This study improves our understanding and conceptualization of adequate NICU communication by revealing persisting gaps in parent-provider interaction. Also, this study provides a steppingstone for further integration of parents as equal partners in neonatal care and communication.
The results are relevant to practitioners in the field of neonatal and pediatric care, providi
GoldJakobsen7997
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This study investigates the underlying physiological mechanisms that may lead to improved outcomes for symptomatic convergence insufficiency (Cl) patients after 12 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodation therapy (OBVAT) by evaluating the change in the main sequence of vergence and saccadic eye movements. In this prospective trial, 12 participants with symptomatic Cl were recruited and treated wi
MelchiorsenBecker3896
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There is an ongoing debate as to whether SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be found in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 disease. Currently, there is no consensus on whether the antibodies, if present, are protective. Our regular measurements of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, starting in July 2020, have provided us with the opportunity of becoming acquainted with the five different immunoassays. A total of 1
KaaeDelacruz9877
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Gaining patient trust has been shown to improve health outcomes. Trust between the patient and the clinician starts with the clinician demonstrating empathy and positive attributes such as kindness and approachability. The advent of COVID-19 and the need for clinicians, patients, and caregivers to wear masks at all times has unintentionally limited nonverbal communication and potentially affected the
AbildgaardGroth0766
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The accessibility to national health services by immigrants residing in our country has produced a widespread improvement of health indicators and health prevention for the entire population. The main goal of this study is to investigate the welfare conditions of immigrants, alongside two fundamental sources of psychological resources. In particular, the role of resilience and sense of community as protective factors against th
NorwoodHarbo2205
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5% and no ITR sequences at the integration sites. Furthermore, analysis of heterozygous variants across the targeted locus using the methods described shows a pattern of strand cross-over, supportive of an HR mechanism of gene integration with similar efficiencies across two different haplotypes. Rapid advances in the application of AAV-mediated nuclease-free target integration, or gene editing, as a new therape
TurnerKlint2897
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Central to both curricula, the standard R2LM platform training is important for developing and honing team dynamics, communication skills and fluid leadership; important for the successful function austere surgical teams. Several opportunities for improvement in the pre-deployment training were identified for R2LM teams augmenting shipboard Role 1 medical departments.
We describe Navy Medicines R2LM
HoughtonKlavsen6093
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In conclusion, Taiwan had lower rates of COVID-19 compared with other countries, and Taiwan government-guided strategies contributed to the control of the disease’s spread.Background Socioeconomic factors play an indispensable role in the spread of emerging infectious diseases. Few studies have investigated the role of socioeconomic factors in the spread of COVID-19. Methods The number of COVID-19 cases in the 39 well
SelfSchou9964
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Long-standing theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggest that symptoms develop at least in part from childhood adversity. Emotion dysregulation may meaningfully mediate these effects. The current study examined three factors related to emotion dysregulation-alexithymia, affective lability, and impulsivity-as potential mediators of the relation between childhood adversity and BPD diagnosis in 101 i
FromMorris0053
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In this mini review, the basic mechanisms and principal benefits of this light-driven approach to generate ROS will be discussed. Additionally, some significant experiments in vitro and in vivo will be presented, and tentative new avenues for further research will be advanced.The rapidly developing pandemic, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona
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Liver transplant centers in the United States retain great autonomy in determining eligibility criteria for a liver transplant. This study aims to define the availability and content of liver transplant centers’ publicly available Internet policies regarding eligibility criteria for liver transplant. Three trained undergraduate students performed a structured pilot-tested assessment of official websites of t
RosenthalCollins3805
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in English, French Les malformations artérioveineuses pancréatiques sont rares, asymptomatiques dans la majorité des cas et de plus en plus souvent découvertes de manière fortuite. Elles peuvent toutefois être à l’origine de douleurs abdominales peu spécifiques, de saignements gastro-intestinaux potentiellement sévères, d’une pancréatite ou d’une hypertension portale. L’objectif de
DreierEnglish1951
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ic injury through a mechanism involving alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and function.Given the recent emergence of medical cannabis legalization in Malta, the objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about medical cannabis among a sample of Maltese students. The sample comprised 327 students enrolled in the University of Malta’s Faculties of Health Sciences, Medicin
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To develop consensus recommendations about good clinical practice rules for caring end-of-life patients.
A steering committee of 12 Spanish and Portuguese experts proposed 37 recommendations. A two rounds Delphi method was performed, with participation of 105 panelists including internists, other clinicians, nurses, patients, lawyers, bioethicians, health
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Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) with monotherapy, 400 mg, none reported; 600 mg, n = 3/9 evaluable patients (33%) reported DLTs (grade 3 and 4 alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase increased, and grade 4 drug-induced liver injury). With combination 400 mg, 1/6 (17%) reported DLTs (grade 2 fatigue, nausea, and myalgia); 300 mg, none reported; 600 mg, 3/4 (75%) reported DLTs (grade 2 pyrexia, grade 3 sk
SmidtGuerrero6810
CCS-1477
The clinical outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) therapy in patients with a Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) is mostly done by standardized pain and quality of life measurements instruments and hardly account for personal feelings and needs as a basis for a patient-centred approach and shared decision making.
The objective of this study is to explore perspectives
MunckChandler7421
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Multiple histologic parameters correlate with SSc severity, including alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA), CD34, collagen density, thickness, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Recent clinical trials incorporate skin histology as exploratory outcome measurements; however, a standard approach is not yet established. The possibility that skin histology may be useful as a predictive biomarker was suggest
WagnerFlindt3436
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In today’s rapidly evolving world, digital transformation has become a vital factor for growth in today’s enterprises. Understanding its importance is key for navigating the competitive marketplace. aims to dive into this subject, providing clarity and guidance for business leaders and experts equally.
Understanding Digital Transformation
KronborgKincaid1049
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Krabbe disease (KD), also referred to as globoid cell leukodystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC) deficiency. Most patients affected by this disease are infants, and less then 10% of cases suffer from adult-onset KD. In this study, two Chinese males presented with long-term progressive weakness in their limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brai
McCormickRivers5618
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Ultrasound has potential to be used for disinfection, and its antimicrobial effectiveness can be enhanced in presence of natural compounds. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial effects of ultrasound at 20 kHz (US 20 kHz) or 1 MHz (US 1 MHz) in combination with carvacrol, citral, cinnamic acid, geraniol, gallic acid, lactic acid, or limonene against E. c
AdamsLausen3884
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02 and 0.01, respectively). However, the latter comparison regarding cholesterol and TG showed no significant differences (p values = 0.51 and 0.26, respectively).
It seems that complementary treatment with PSP may have beneficial effects on FBG and HbA1c of patients with T2DM. However, its effect on TG and choles
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g or crops with transgenes encoding protease inhibitors from taxonomically-distant host plants.In an increasingly interconnected world, the demographic effects of wars are not confined only to war zones and neighbouring areas; wars and conflicts may also change populations far away. Without the war in Syria under President Assad and the associated mass exodus of Syrian refugees, the population trends in distant co
RichardMidtgaard2203
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When it comes to health and longevity, what we eat may be the most important choice we make on a daily basis. This choice is influenced by a variety of determinants, including cost and accessibility of healthy foods as well as knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about how food impacts health. Produce prescriptions and food pharmacies are innovative care models directed at promoting intake of healthy
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HEV RNA detection was negative for rib, bacon, lean ham, and loin samples. These findings indicate that pig meat could be considered as a low risk material for foodborne HEV infection. Copyright © 2020 García, Hernández, Gutierrez-Boada, Valero, Navarro, Muñoz-Chimeno, Fernández-Manzano, Escobar, Martínez, Bárcena, González, Avellón, Eiros, Fongaro, Domínguez, Goyache and Rodríguez-Lázaro.The number
MathiasenMcgee1135
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Though distinct pathological entities, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) share multiple biochemical and genetic features suggesting overlapping pathophysiology. We report the case of a patient with an 18-year clinical course consistent with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The neuropathological assessment revealed unclassifiable frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau-imm
AbrahamsenCrouch1033
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Instead, IL-17 signaling induced the migration of MSCs and inflammatory cells, bringing these cell types together and increasing the likelihood of the lymphocytes sensing the immunosuppressive molecules produced by the MSCs. These effects also correlated with high levels of cytokine/chemokine production and metalloprotease activation by MSCs. Importantly, this treatment maintained the MSCs safety pro
HuntKilic1221
IDN6556
Long-term deficits in the nursing labor force and high turnover rates are common in the Taiwanese medical industry. Little research has investigated the psychological factors associated with the retention of nursing staff. However, in practice, religious hospitals often provide nursing staff with education in medicine or the medical humanities to enhance their psychological satisfaction. The objective
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4%) and the observation group (16%) (p = 0.14). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of secondary nephrectomy (0% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.34), and death from trauma (0% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.99). In multivariate analysis, early drainage remained not statistically associated with persistence of urinary extravasation on follow-up imaging (OR = 1.35; p = 0.3
MuellerHutchison6223
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The objective of this work was to verify the efficacy of a treatment based on myofunctional therapy techniques which aimed to improve the tongue strength, precision, and speed of a ten-year-old girl with nemaline myopathy (NM) and the repercussions of this therapy on her speech intelligibility. NM is a rare congenital muscle disorder that causes extreme muscle weakness, especially in the face and neck, as
EbsenEgeberg3836
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may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.
Remote monitoring (RM) is increasingly employed for all types of cardiac implantable devices (CIED). However, there are only limited data on the acceptance of RM by the elderly. The aim of our study was to ascertain how octogenarians assess RM technologies compared to younger, presumably technically more literate patients, and what concerns or techni
MaysCastaneda1773
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Implantation of the three-piece IPP combined with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor significantly improved clinical outcomes and the prognosis in ED patients.
Implantation of the three-piece IPP combined with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor significantly improved clinical outcomes and the prognosis in ED patients.The role of the father, both flesh-and-blood and symbolic, is explored in a subset of fam
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