Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
385,038 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The average oral morphine equivalents consumed during the 6 weeks postsurgery were significantly lower in group 1 at 446.3±266.3 mg (range 10-992) compared to group 2 at 622.6±313.7 mg (range 20-1416) (P < .001). corresponds to 60 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone per patient in group 1 vs 84 tablets per patient in group 2. Fifty-nine (83%) patients in group 1 had stopped taking opioids within 6 weeks of surgery compar
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OBJECTIVE High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. HGSOC with cyclin E1 gene (CCNE1) amplification and bromodomain and extraterminal 4 (BRD4) amplification have been associated with poor outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate clinical outcomes of HGSOC with co-amplification of CCNE1 and BRD4 and high protein expression of cyclin E a
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8%; 4/13), C. parvum (30.8%, 4/13), C. felis (30.8%, 4/13), and C. viatorum (7.6%, 1/13). Four Blastocystis subtypes were also identified including ST1 (22.7%; 35/154), ST2 (22.7%; 35/154), ST3 (45.5%; 70/154), and ST4 (9.1%; 14/154). Most of the genotyped samples were from asymptomatic children. This is the first report of C. viatorum and Blastocystis ST4 in Mozambique. Molecular data indicate that a
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Results indicate that this model can differentiate between potent and non-allergens based on temperature drop, clinical scores, and biomarkers. Additional proteins with known human exposure and allergenicity are needed to confirm the predictive accuracy.Occupational, residential, dietary and environmental exposures to mixtures of synthetic anthropogenic chemicals after World War II have a strong relationship wit
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These changes were associated with a marked rise in oxidative markers and decline in the activities of testicular enzymatic antioxidants, as well as oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory response, testicular DNA fragmentation, and caspase-dependent apoptosis (p less then 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, chronic codeine use resulted in testicular degeneration and testosterone suppression, which is attributable to TNF-
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The construction of new C-C, C-N and C-O bonds by replacing hazardous and waste generating chemicals with alcohols as the greener and sustainable reagents is one of the emerging areas of research. In consequence, the borrowing hydrogen and acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling principles have received significant momentum to synthesize various alkylated molecules and N-heterocycles. In the tandem transf
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Results Of 369,064 included encounters, 4,651 were EMS witnessed arrests. MEWS-T demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI 0.79 - 0.80), with 86.8% sensitivity and 51.0% specificity for MEWS-T ≥ 3. EMEWS demonstrated an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.73 - 0.75), with 81.3% sensitivity and 53.9% specificity for EMEWS ≥ 2.Conclusions EMEWS showed a similar ability to predict EMS-witnessed cardiac arrest compared
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An 82-year-old woman with a history of bladder cancer presented with dyspnea and loss of consciousness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed pulmonary embolism, and emergency thrombus aspiration therapy was performed, but the thrombus was not aspirated. Echocardiography showed mobile masses in the heart and a right-to-left shunt due to a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cer
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Anthropometric and clinical parameters showed nonsignificant differences between groups. The hematology profile showed improvement in lymphocyte count in the supplement group. However, levels of alkaline phosphatase, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 were significantly lower in the supplement group. In conclusion, antioxidant oral supplementation significantly reduced the cytokine storm and led to partial improvement
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Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare, papillary adenomatous tumors that arise from the endothelium of the endolymphatic sac. We demonstrate a difficult case of endolymphatic sac tumor and how it is managed via transcanal endoscopic assisted technique, with discussion of feasibility of transcanal approach to lateral skull base tumor. © 2019 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck
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Introduction Serum uric acid levels have been reported as predictors of cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and renal morbidity in patients with SLE. However, their role in cumulative global damage in these patients has not yet been determined. Objective To determine whether serum uric acid levels are associated with new damage in patients with SLE. Methods This is a longitudinal study of patients with SLE from t
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As parents are the primary decision-makers of child’s health, a study was conducted to assess and compare the oral health status and impact of oral diseases on daily activities among 12-
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