Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
392,100 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.Genetic clustering is a popular method for characterizing variation in transmission rates for rapidly evolving viruses, and could potentially be used to detect outbreaks in ‘near real time’. However, the statistical properties of clustering are poorly understood in this context, and there are no objective guidelines for setting clustering criteri
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w background exposure levels in this study, the role of exposure to PFASs in COVID-19 needs to be ascertained in populations with elevated exposures.
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Hydroureteronephrosis with acute urinary tract obstruction can lead to serious complications such as obstructive nephropathy or pyelonephritis. We report the first case of hydroureteronephrosis caused by a giant fecaloma in an 83-year-old woman accompanied with chronic constipation in Korea. The patient with a fever presented to the emergency room and was diagnosed with right hydronephrosis. Computed tomography reveal
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Overall, results suggest that similar associations found regarding childhood ODD may be implicated when examining emerging adults, and gender moderates these associations.The Five Minute Speech Sample’s (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE), defined as criticism (CRIT) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), has been increasingly used to measure family emotional climate in relation to youth psychopathological d
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To investigate the effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant on central foveal thickness and choroidal thickness in retinal vein occlusion.
Clinical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 41 naïve patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), who were initially treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant between 2016 and 2017 at Kocatepe University
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Promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies (Pharma) relating to newly marketed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) may have targeted the authors of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Hepatitis C. This study aimed to assess payments made by Pharma to the CPG authors and the financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) reported by those authors.
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2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC, herein also referred to as Shoda’s reagent) and its derivatives are useful for numerous synthetic transformations in which the anomeric centre of unprotected reducing sugars is selectively activated in aqueous solution. As such unprotected sugars can undergo anomeric substitution with a range of added nucleophiles, providing highly efficient routes to a range of glycoside
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At RAM, CycB1;2 was more abundant in nuclei on Glucose at late germination; DNA-CycB1;2 colocalization was parallel to CycB1;2 inside the nucleus. Overall, results point out CycB1;2 as a player on promoting proliferation during germination by binding a specific CDKB isoform partner and changing its cellular localization to nuclei, co-localizing with DNA, being glucose a tri
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Sleep quality in patients with schizophrenia is correlated with potential violence. However, few studies have conducted in-depth discussions on community patients with schizophrenia. The purpose o
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Overall, the obtained results highlight the potential of ASGPR-directed cytostatic taxane drugs for selective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Coarse cereals and legume grains (CCLGs) are rich in specific macro- and functional elements that are considered important dietary components for maintaining human health. Therefore, determining the precise nutritional mechanism involved in exerting the health benefits of CCLGs
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Cre-mediated modulation of gene function in the murine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been widely used, but current postnatal RPE-selective Cre driver lines suffer from limited recombination efficiency and/or ectopic or mosaic expression. We sought to generate a transgenic mouse line with consistently efficient RPE-selective Cre activity that could be temporally regulated. We used ϕC31 integrase to insert a
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Importance The effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion on cancer care delivery and outcomes is unknown. Patients with cancer are a high-risk group for whom treatment delays are particularly detrimental. Objective To examine the association between Medicaid expansion and changes in insurance status, stage at diagnosis, and timely treatment among patients with incident breast,
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BACKGROUND Placental or breast milk maternal antibodies can potentially reduce oral rotavirus vaccine efficacy in developing countries. We aimed to examine the relationship between the level of rotavirus specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and neutralising antibodies (NA) in colostrum and breast milk and cord IgG, with cumulative vaccine take following one and three doses of oral RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine within a Phase II
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Apoptotic cell death is essential for development, immune function or tissue homeostasis, and its mis-regulation is linked to various diseases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a central event in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and essential to control the execution of cell death. Here we review current concepts in regulation of MOMP focusing on the interaction network of the Bcl-2 family p
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