Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
517,174 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a convenient to use biomarker of airway inflammation. However, the mutual relationship between FeNO, peripheral blood eosinophil, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines showed some controversy.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent partial to complete upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to repetitive arousals and oxygen desaturations. Although many OSA biomarkers have been reported individually, only a small subset have been validated through both cross-sectional and intervention studies. Here, we used a highly multiplexed aptamer array (SomaScan) for proteomic
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We would also discuss the effect of physicochemical property (particle size and zeta potential) of SEDDS on the oral drug bioavailability enhancement. This review would provide an approach to develop a rational SEDDS to improving oral drug bioavailability. Lay Summary Self-emulsifying drug-delivery system (SEDDS) has been proven to be promising in ameliorating the oral bioavailability of poor water-soluble drugs. Thi
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Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine found in various cancers. Current evidence indicates that IL-17 plays a vital role in tumour initiation and progression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) via binding with its receptor, IL-17RA. However, the association between clinicopathological features and presence of IL-17 and IL-17RA protein in primary CRC tissues remains unclear. This study also i
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The patient achieved pathological R0 resection with a histological response of Evans grade IIB.
Reconstruction of the distal SA with GSVG in extended PD enabled preservation of the subtotal stomach and distal pancreas, even when the root of the CA was transected.
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Coordinated assembly of viral and host factors is essential for the successful propagation of viruses as well as the generation of host anti-viral response. Previous studies from our group, as well as from other groups, have identified host proteins interacting with various components of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). However, the functional relevance of host protein interactions in HEV replication context has been notably
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The short-term mortality and rehospitalization rates after admission for acute heart failure (AHF) remain high, despite the high level of adherence to contemporary practice guidelines. Observational data from non-randomized studies in AHF strongly support the in-hospital administration of oral evidence-based modifying chronic heart failure (HF) medications (i.e., b-blockers, ACE inhibitors, mineralocorticoid recepto
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On this shared basis, all partners were willing to engage in the process and decisions were largely agreeable. In particular, we found that most expectations of conflicts between values of Western science and Māori culture were unfounded; where required, positive compromises were made by jointly developing alternative strategies. This approach challenges the traditional model of scientists first preparing management plans fo
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Collectively, the results of the present study confirm that incidence of diffused type of gastric cancer is increasing as an alarming rate in mid age group male patients and tobacco intake in the form
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In today’s hectic world, dietary choices has become a central concern for countless individuals seeking to maintain good health. Understanding the importance of making educated dietary choices is essential for maintaining” ” a healthy lifestyle. This article aims to explore the basic principles of nutrition and provide concrete advice on how to improve your diet
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In the past, psychiatric treatment for inpatients was mostly provided in two different settings: specialist units in community hospitals as
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During the peak times of the COVID-19 pandemic, which were characterized by contact restrictions, many companies initiated telework for their employees due to infection prevention.
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Brevetoxins were confirmed in urine specimens from patients diagnosed with neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) after consumption of gastropods that were recreationally harvested from an area previously affected by a Karenia brevis bloom. Several species of gastropods (Triplofusus giganteus, Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, Cinctura hunteria, Strombus alatus, Fulguropsis spirata) and one clam (Macrocallista nimbosa) from
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Perito Moreno is the most famous calving glacier of the South Patagonia Icefield, the largest temperate glacier system of the Southern Hemisphere. Unlike most of the glaciers in the region that have strongly retreated in recent decades, the position of Perito Moreno glacier front remained relatively unchanged in the last century. However, earliest photographic documents show that, at the end of the nineteenth c
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GRACE score, Killip-Kimball classification, and several inflammatory markers were significantly higher in COVID-19-positive patients. Total and cardiovascular mortality were also significantly higher in COVID-19-positive patients (25% vs 3.8% [P <.001] and 15.2% vs 1.8% [P=.001], respectively). GRACE score> 140 (OR, 23.45; 95%CI, 2.52-62.51; P=.005) and COVID-19 (OR, 6.61; 95%CI, 1.82-24.43; P=.0
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NLRP7 is a maternal-effect gene that has a primary role in the oocyte. Its biallelic mutations are a major cause for recurrent diploid biparental hydatidiform moles (HMs). Here, we describe the full characterization of four HMs from a patient with a novel homozygous protein-truncating mutation in NLRP7. We found that some HMs have features of both complete and partial moles. Two HMs expressed p57 in the cytotro
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The ASPCA’s perceived impact on pet animal well-being and health care may be linked to their high level of recognition among respondents, as this was the organization that respondents most frequently reported having seen/heard stories related to animal well-being and health care.An elderly Singaporean male with no travel history was hospitalized for fever and altered mental status. Blood cultures grew Enterococcus faec
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In contrast, BPD patients’ MPA-CF scores were found to be significantly higher compared to HC subjects. It is important to note that there was a low number of eligible publications included, which caused higher heterogeneity. Conclusions Low quality of evidence suggests that MPAs are more common in patients with BPD than in HC and the higher rate of MPAs is found predominantly in the head and facial regions.Ba
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BACKGROUND Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (ILE) is the standard surgical care for esophageal cancer patients but postoperative morbidity impairs quality of life and reduces long-term oncological outcome. Two-stage ILE separating the abdominal and thoracic phase into two distinct surgical procedures has proven to enhance microcirculation of the gastric conduit and therefore most likely reduces complications. However, two-stage
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The enhanced viscous dissipation coefficient is found to scale linearly with the measured turbulent viscosity. Hence, the proposed scheme is a good candidate as an active surface gravity wave dampener via vortex flow reconfiguration.One-dimensional localized sequences of bound (coupled) traveling pulses, wave trains with a finite number of pulses, are described in a piecewise-linear reaction-diffusion system o
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Using thermal expansion tests, the thermal strain evolution is shown to depend on the temperature-changing rate, which reveals the nonequilibrium states with rate-dependent structural relaxation. The influences of structural relaxation on the stress relaxation behaviors are examined in both uniaxial tension and compression modes. Assisted by a theoretical model, the study reveals how to tune the material and thermal-te
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Enhancing immune cell functions in tumors remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and cells adapt by upregulating the transcription factor HIF-1α. Here, we defined the transcriptional landscape of mouse tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells by using single-cell RNA sequencing. Conditional deletion of Hif1a in NK cells resulted in reduced tumor growth, elevate
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The objective of this study was to optimize the production of CMCase by Bacillus licheniformis BCLLNF-01, a strain associated with the mucus of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Production of total cellulase and CMCase was investigated in the supernatant, intracellular content and wall content. Cultivation was carried out in BLM medium supplemented with 1.5 % (w/v) CMC, 5.5 % (v/v) inoculum, 40 °C
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The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are an option for drug development for treating COVID-19. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two groups of mouse neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) on the SAR
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Republican governors transformed how they framed their stance towards Medicaid expansion after Donald Trump was elected in 2016, with both supportive and oppositional moral-based framing of expansion increasing. These findings inform how policymakers use rhetoric to support their stance on controversial policies in a hyper-partisan and polarized political environment.BACKGROUND International research shows that media
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