Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
400,969 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We compared 5-year adverse event (AE) incidence rates (IRs) between patients initiating tofacitinib and those initiating new biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) within the United States (US) Corrona RA registry.
IRs (number of first events/100 patient-ye
PontoppidanDahlgaard4993
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um two-year follow up, with clinical outcomes comparable to those reported with manual surgery.1-4 The haptically-guided acetabular bone preparation enabled reliable cementless acetabular fixation and there were no adverse events related to the use of the robot. Dislocations were avoided in this case series. Randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to compare manual to robotic surgery and to investigate whether the precisio
GodwinLohmann3911
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BACKGROUND Neonatal acute kidney injury contributes to high mortality in developing countries. The burden of neonatal AKI is not known in Tanzania despite having high neonatal mortality. This study was conducted to determine the burden of AKI among critically ill neonates admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the neonatal ward at the MNH. Eligible critically ill ne
UlrichBeatty5099
CH5126766
5%) than in males (10.5%). Those with CD4 count less than 200cells/µL also it was a high prevalence (56.3%).
This study observed that one-third of the studied population had ENT manifestations. All medical practitioners should be aware of ENT manifestations in HIV-infected patients in order to assure early and appropriate intervention.
This study obser
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Background There is a significant shortage of official records that enable estimating the real prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in Brazil. The study aims to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological aspects of patients with NTM isolation at an infectious diseases reference hospital, and to identify factors associated with mortality. Methods This was an observational study in which clinica
HancockSandberg0822
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Trichophyton violaceum is the most common dermatophyte species in most regions while adult tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis is less common. Terbinafine, griseofulvin and itroconazole have been reported to be effective drugs for the treatment of tinea capitis, and terbinafine can be considered as systemic treatment in elderly patients with comorbidities to reduce the drug-drug interaction.
Ob
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4) for D
MFT, and 5.6 (2.1) for the SiC. Indicators associated with a lower risk of caries (D5MFT) were irregular dental visits (prevalence odds ratio POR = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36, 0.56) and irregular use of mouthwashes (POR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.60, 0.89).
We found a high caries prevalence and severity in 12 year-old children in L
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Robot-assisted interventions require advanced endoscopic surgical experience.
To study the immediate results of pancreatoduodenectomy depending on digestive reconstruction procedure.
We analyzed 242 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for the period from January 2013 to December 2019. There were 32 combined procedures 28 (11.6%) with portal vein re
WigginsMullins6265
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Furthermore, it provides a summary of the strengths and utilities of TCM, and will be useful for doctors who use Chinese medicine for treatment or researchers who select candidates for clinical treatments or further high-quality clinical studies. OBJECTIVE Existing guidelines provide indications for appropriate heritable thrombophilia (HT) testing but testing practices often do not conform to these guidelines. T
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3, which was lower than in dried samples (74° ± 2.9). Three-point bending mechanical tests showed that the average maximum flexural stress of dried SRW (134.1 ± 34.3 MPa) and PRW samples (117.8 ± 22.3 MPa) were significantly higher than those of hydrated SRW (25.7 ± 6.3 MPa) and PRW (19.7 ± 4.8 MPa) baleen. Scanning electron microscope images showed the stratification of the outer cortical layer, with cr
PottsWu9696
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The median DNA-TG level in the 257 samples was 106.0 fmol TG/μg DNA (interquartile range, 75.8-150.9). There was a strong correlation between DNA-TG and RBC-TGN levels (ρ=0.68,
<0.0001). The DNA-TG/RBC-TGN ratio was significantly higher in NUDT15 intermediate metabolizers (
and
) than in patients with wild-type alleles (
<b
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A total of 210 TAVR patients were included between October 2018 and January 2020. Median age was 81 years, 54% were male, and the median STS score was 2.7%. There was no significant difference in the primary endpoint of access site-related vascular complications between MANTA and ProGlide (10% vs. 4%; p=0.16). Clinically significant access site bleedings were similar with both closure techniques (9% vs. 6%; p=
MonahanHyldgaard1533
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Surfactants with their diverse activities have been recently involved in controlling the spread of new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as they are capable of disrupting the membrane surrounding the virus. Using hybrids approach, we constructed a novel series of cationic surfactant-sulfonamide conjugates (3a-g) through quaternization of the as-prepared sulfonamide derivatives (2a-g) with n-hexadecyl iodide follow
GillKeating1619
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Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is predominantly caused by heterozygous missense variants in the cardiac ryanodine receptor, RYR2. However, many RYR2 missense variants are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We systematically re-evaluated all RYR2 variants in healthy individuals and those with CPVT or arrhythmia using the 2015 American College of Medical Genomi
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BACKGROUND Available scientific evidence of transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip comes from randomized controlled trials, which showed controversial results that hardly translate into real-world practice, and from registries of relatively small sample size. AIM To collect real-world data in a multicenter, prospective, country-level registry. METHODS AND RESULT The Italian Society
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PURPOSE Vertebral hemangiomas (VH) account for 2-3% of all spinal tumors. The majority is incidentally found on radiographic studies 1% present with pain and/or neurologic deficits. We report our experience with the multidisciplinary management of aggressive symptomatic thoracic VH by concomitant intraoperative sclerotization with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), vertebroplasty, posterior decompression (with
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5 years later, respectively. We performed a second surgery and were able to definitively diagnose the lesion as a grade III hemangiopericytoma based on the positive expression of STAT6 during immunostaining. Conclusions Since SFT/HPC requires gross total resection for effective resolution, it is imperative to consider it in the differential diagnoses of similar tumors. If an unusual pathological image is found, we reco
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8% (90% CI, -14.0 to 9.9%). Participants with T2D were 60.4 ± 8.2 years old, had median follow-up of three visits over 5.3 years, and mean annual change in CNFL was -0.2% (90% CI, -14.1 to 14.3%). RCNFL prevalence was 17% overall and was similar by diabetes type [64 T1D (16.0%), 37 T2D (19.4%), P = 0.31]. RNCFL was more common in those with baseline DSP (47% vs. 30% in those without baseline DSP, P = 0.001), which was
FanningPurcell5911
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HCWs’ acceptance of the test alert system was high and resistance was low. We make recommendations from the results for the design of a subsequent real-world trial of the test alert system.Objectives We sought to explore the sociodemographics and primary care service utilization among people who died from opioid overdose and to assess the possibility of using this information to identify those at high risk of opio
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1, 95% CI, 57.9-134.1), patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 56.9, 95% CI, 40.1-80.8), tetralogy of fallot (OR = 42.1, 95% CI, 19.3-92.3), or atrioventricular septal defect (OR = 510.0, 95% CI, 126.7-999.0) were higher than those of age- and sex-matched controls. The risk of death in patients with DS was significantly higher than that of age- and sex-matched controls [hazard ratio (HR) =41.7, 95% CI 20.0-87.0].
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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early spread. It is a highly lethal disease that typically is diagnosed at a late stage. Surgery plays a very small role in this cancer, and management typically involves chemotherapy, delivered with thoracic radiation in early-stage disease. Platinum-based chemotherapy is initially very effective, inducing rapid a
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These reached similar values to those of control mice, which were fed a standard diet. These data suggest that supplementation with 2-OHOA and with EPA and DHA could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore an appropriate redox state in DIO mice.
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a serious problem caused by vascular trauma, tourniquet use and/or compartment syndrome. Studi
EgelundFarmer6766
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Knockdown of
, abrogated polarisation of epithelial cells in normal cells. Finally,
expression was substantially reduced in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients.
Defect in gene signatures involved in tissue development and epithelial differentiation were implicated in COPD basal cells. One of the tissue developmental genes, HOXB
WhitakerYork4764
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OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize a Swedish family with members affected by spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite normal structural neuroimaging, psychiatric manifestations and intellectual disability are part of the SCA27 phenotype raising the need for functional neuroimaging. Here, we used cl
CooperBendixen6133
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Several CAZymes participating in the cell wall degradation process, including β-glucosidase, glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase and chitinases, were significantly upregulated during storage. The protein expression level of CAZymes, such as xylanase, amylase and glucoamylase, were upregulated significantly, which may participate in the P. tuoliensis polysaccharide degradation.
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Tea plants (Camellia sinensis O. Kuntze) can hyperaccumulate fluoride (F) in leaves. Although, aluminum (Al) can alleviate F toxicity in C. sinensis, the mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. Here, we measured root length, root activity, soluble proteins content, and levels of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and chlorophyll in tea leaves after treatment with different F concent
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Unbiased This report ratings household interactions facets of eating conditions in puberty. Practices A narrative literature overview of relational issues in teenagers’ eating disorders ended up being done. Results Empirical evidence of household relationships in teenagers’ eating conditions confirms the relevance of
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The purpose of this data set is to capture the complete diurnal (i.e., daily) transcriptome of fully expanded third leaves from the C4 panacoid grasses sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) with RNA-seq
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and 77% (57-95%). None of the relevant cohort-derived or previously published signatures achieved the WHO-defined targets of paired sensitivity and specificity for a non-sputum-based diagnostic test.
In a clinically representative cohort in routine practice in a low-incidence setting, transcriptomic signatures did not have adequate accuracy for diagnosis of tuberculosis, including in
JohansenMcElroy4380
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Synthesis of a novel theranostic molecule for targeted cancer intervention. A reaction between curcumin and lawsone was carried out to yield the novel curcumin naphthoquinone (CurNQ) molecule (2,2′-((((1E,3Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohepta-1,3,6-triene-1,7-diyl) bis(2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(naphthalene-1,4-dione). CurNQ’s structure was elucidated and was fully characterized. CurNQ was demonstrated to have pH specifi
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Endothelial cells cultured in serum from patients with severe periodontitis expressed more PS compared with those cultured in serum from healthy controls. Specifically, PS exposure on blood cells and endothelial cells significantly decreased after inhibiting the effect of inflammatory cytokines. The elevated levels of PS
cells and microvesicles in severe periodontitis short
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Since activation of the sympathetic nervous system is associated with both impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, or namely with diabetes, evaluation of such activation in ordinary clinical settings may be important. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between urinary concentrations of the catecholamine metabolites, urinary normetanephrine (U-NM) and urinary metanephrine (U-M), and glucose metabolism in
EspensenSmidt7412
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043). In addition, no biomarker change (p = 0.005) and clinically insignificant changes in biomarker status (p = 0.019) were associated with improved OS compared with clinically significant changes in HR or HER2 status. Among subgroups, HR+HER2- to TN was associated with worse DFS (p = 0.029) and OS (p = 0.008) compared with HR+HER2- no change.
Among those with RD, biomarker status ch
BlomDuffy2804
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Introduction Abdominal pain is one of the most common patient complaints in the emergency department (ED) and abdominopelvic computed tomography (ACT) scan plays an important role in evaluation of these patients. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the differences between interpretations by generalist radiologists and abdominal subspecialist radiologists regarding the abdominopelvic computed tomog
ThomsenHumphries1369
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A zein-degrading protease (ZDP) from Zea mays was heterologously expressed using Pichia pastoris and its characteristics and effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch were investigated in the current study. The optimal temperature and pH for ZDP activity was 40 °C and pH 5.0, respectively. The ZDP exhibited a degree of thermal stability and was repressed by some metal ions (5 mM) including Zn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, K
GoodeLarsson0130
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3% before endophthalmitis, p<0.0001). Eyes with compared to without choroidal neovascularization were more likely to achieve this interval (60.5% vs. 8.3%, respectively; p=0.002).
Endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injection is associated with relative stability of the underlying exudation. Further research is necessary to elucidate the mechanism, which may be useful in developing strate
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Childhood and adolescent outcomes are sparsely assessed, with suggested outcomes including increased risk of depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cardiometabolic implications of gestational cannabis use may include maternal fatty liver, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with potential consequences for the fetus. Clinical implications for pediatric
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Although luminal breast cancer cells are typically highly cohesive epithelial cells and have low invasive ability, many eventually develop metastasis. Until now, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this work, we showed that the level of hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) was positively correlated with the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. Notably, the increased expression of HAS2 promoted
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SEM detected mainly sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) spikes. All patients recovered normal vision following IOL exchange.
SEM features of the IOL optics and absence of calcium and phosphate spikes in EDS and other findings were consistent and suggestive of hydrolytic biodegradation of hydrophobic acrylic IOL polymer in ocular media and was responsible for delayed postoperati
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Moreover, the study showed that different consumption patterns between men and women, with higher alcohol consumption in the students’ households and restaurants or cafés by male students, in addition to the similarity in the consumption pattern between the two genders in parties and bars or nightclubs. CONCLUSION The data obtained show the validity of the instrument. In the discussion, the article presents
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Sclerostin and dickkopf-1 (DKK1) played a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but with controversial results of patients in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) including hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to examine the association between the mode of dialysis or the values of sclerostin or DKK1 and ca
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The first phase of the mental status examination is evaluating the patient’s appearance and
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6 and 7.8, respectively. When the diagnostic performance was controlled for confounders, there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ED chest pain patients with ongoing pain at arrival are younger, healthier, and have less ACS and 30-day MACE than patients with abated pain, but that there is no difference in the diagnostic accuracy of the ECG for ACS between the two groups. OBJECTI
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There are limited data on how vedolizumab (VDZ) impacts extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of EIMs after initiation of VDZ for patients with IBD.
A multicenter retrospective study of patients with IBD who received at least 1 dose of VDZ between January 1, 2014 and August 1, 2019 was cond
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