Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
408,388 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Appreciation Tag Coating Enables Reliable Detection involving Antigen-Specific W Tissue throughout Immunospot Assays.
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological functions in the human body. Due to a considerably long biological half-life and very low rate of excretion, accumulation of Cd in different body organs (eg, liver, kidney, and testes) over time is associated with perturbed
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced silent periods provide an in vivo measure of human motor cortical inhibitory function. Cortical silent periods (cSP, also sometimes referred to as contralateral silent periods) and ipsilateral silent periods (iSP) may change with advancing age and disease and can provide insight into cortical control of the motor system. The majority of
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The role of keratinized mucosa in promoting peri-implant health is controversial, however recent evidence support the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures around dental implants. Soft tissue substitutes have been proposed to replace autogenous connective tissue grafts, therefore the aims of this study are to report clinical and volumetric three-dimensional changes in mucosal thickness (MT) 1 year after treat
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Recently, biomaterials with immune-regulating properties have emerged as crucial new platforms for bone tissue engineering. Inducing macrophages to differentiate into M2 subtype can reduce immune inflammatory response and accelerate tissue repair after implantation. An interpenetration network hydrogel is developed utilizing graphene oxide (GO)-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), in which
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The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada.
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via national and regional radiology societies, exploring (1) center information and staffing, (2) acute and on-call IR services, (3) elective IR service
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The detailed mechanisms by which dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) act in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to influence motivated behaviors in distinct ways remain largely unknown. Here, we examined whether DA and 5-HT selectively modulate excitatory synaptic transmission in NAc medium spiny neurons in an input-specific manner. DA reduced excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) generated by paraventricular thalamus (PVT) i
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studies, involving ECoG and EEG could help determine their association with epileptogenesis.
SDs are common in the cortex of ischemic or traumatic penumbra. Our study suggests an association between the presence of SDs in the acute phase and worse long-term outcome, although no association with subsequent epilepsy was found. More comprehensive studies, involving ECoG and EEG could help determine thei
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This paper proposes a model-based estimation of left ventricular (LV) pressure for the evaluation of constructive and wasted myocardial work of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). A model of the cardiovascular system is proposed, including descriptions of i) cardiac electrical activity, ii) elastance-based cardiac cavities, iii) systemic and pulmonary circulations and iv) heart valves. After a se
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In the modern world, the concept of renewable power has gained unprecedented attention. This transition is propelled by the necessity to minimize our reliance on fossil fuels and fight against the ever-growing threat of global warming. Grasping the importance of green electricity is essential for individuals, businesses, and decision-makers alike.
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coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis bacteria also increased when metal healthcare surfaces possessed a higher microscale roughness ( less then 1 μm), as determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The high propensity for healthcare surfaces to be re-contaminated following initial wiping suggests that a “One wipe, One surface, One direction, Dispose” policy should be implemented and rigorously enforced.Countries around
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Nanomaterials play a pivotal role in modern regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, due to their peculiar physical, optical and biological properties once they are used in the nanometric size. Many evidences are showing the importance of biomaterial micro- and nano-topography on cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and hence, tissue regeneration. It is well known that nanowires (NWs)
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A fraction with high calcium-binding activity was obtained and 15 peptides were identified.This study aims to explore how a high-fat diet and glutaredoxin1 (Glrx1) deficiency affect the development of obesity in male and female mice. A high-fat diet induced great differences in calorie intake and body weight gain between male and female mice; furthermore, the Glrx1 deficiency made male mice more sensit
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NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) is a subunit of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is important in metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress in multiple cancers. However, the biological role and molecular regulation of NDUFA4L2 in glioblastoma (GBM) are poorly understood. Here, we found that NDUFA4L2 was significantly upregulated in GBM; the elevated levels
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ces of sorrow.The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. On the one hand, fears about one’s economic situation, own health and the health of others can lead to psychosocial consequences. On the other hand, social isolation through physical distancing can affect mental health. Finally, the infection itself can lead to psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptoms as part of a systemic mani
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Autophagy is crucial for neuronal integrity. Loss of key autophagic components leads to progressive neurodegeneration and structural defects in neuronal synapses. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy in the brain remain elusive. Similarly, while it is widely accepted that protein turnover is required for synaptic plasticity, the contribution of autophagy to the degradation of synaptic
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Our study illustrates the value of deep learning in genotype imputation and trans-ethnic MHC fine-mapping.The complexity of cancer has always been a huge issue in understanding the source of this disease. However, by appreciating its complexity, we can shed some light on crucial gene associations across and in specific cancer types. In this study, we develop a general framework to infer relevant gene biomarkers and the
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The Cognitions About Body and Health Questionnaire (CABAH) is a self-rating questionnaire measuring cognitions about health. The psychometric properties of its Chinese version and its performance on evaluating somatic symptom disorder (SSD) were examined in this study.
After translating the CABAH into Chinese, we collected data of the CABAH and another four questi
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In the digital age, search terms play a important role in shaping how we discover information online. Whether you are looking to enhance your research skills, understanding the significance of a keyword is pivotal. This article will explore how you can leverage your understanding of keywords to attain desi
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Engaging in healthy eating and active living is an effective strategy for preventing noncommunicable diseases in older populations. The purposes were to compare the prevalence rates across countries and explore health factors associated with healthy eating and active living. The data were retrieved from a cross-sectional study conducted by the International Social Survey Program (2011 Health and He
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[This corrects the article DOI 10.1155/2020/5135893.].[This retracts the article on p. 9352 in vol. 10, PMID 31966807.].Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA quantitation may be useful for managing untreated chronic HBV-infected patients, but its distribution characteristics and relationship to HBV DNA are unclear. A retrospective cohort including 149 untreated HBV-infected patients was divided into four clinical phenotypes hep
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omplex examination of UC patients. Further clinical studies are necessary for assessment of the efficiency of anti-Blastocystis therapy in UC patients.
Diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. should be introduced in the complex examination of UC patients. Further clinical studies are necessary for assessment of the efficiency of anti-Blastocystis therapy in UC patients.Endogenous sleep and general anesthe
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Keyword have become an integral component of modern life.
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In addition, the hemispheres were collapsed at the right temporal and left frontal lobe with haemorrhage filling the adjacent subarachnoid space. The dog underwent left frontal and right temporal craniotomy for removal of the haemorrhage. The dog improved on all neurological signs and was discharged after seven days. A repeat MRI three months postsurgical intervention showed reexpansion of the cerebral hemispheres. Subara
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BACKGROUND While clinical trials are considered the gold standard for detecting adverse events, often these trials are not sufficiently powered to detect difficult to observe adverse events. We developed a preliminary approach to predict 135 adverse events using post-market safety data from marketed drugs. Adverse event information available from FDA product labels and scientific literature for drugs that have t
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Lots of commercially readily available masks in hospital inventories perform similarly to N95 masks for aerosol purification of 0.2 μm and overhead, but there is a selection of masks with relatively reduced filtration efficiencies (age.g., <90%) and a subset with poorer filtration (age.g., <70%). All masks functioned acceptably for breathability,
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The process of vermicomposting and adding mature vermicompost significantly modified the microbial community of sewage sludge, and the changes in microorganisms in vermicompost were related to the microorganisms in the earthworm gut.The effect of different fertilization strategies on changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) largely depends on the current status of a given agricultural region. We analysed the results of 9
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Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating
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Frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD), also known as Gorlin-Cohen syndrome, is a rare genetic syndrome. This syndrome affects the skeletal system and connective tissue, and causes a wide spectrum of manifestations of the skull, tubular bones, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and/or gastrointestinal system. Craniofacial findings of FMD are characterized by protruding supraorbital ridge, broad nasal bri
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A reservoir of replication-competent but latent virus is the main obstacle to a cure for HIV-1 infection. Much of this reservoir resides in memory CD4 T cells. We hypothesized that these cells can be reactivated with antigens from HIV-1 and other common pathogens to reverse latency.
We obtained mononuclear cells from the peripheral
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Studies in humans show neurophysiological correlates of episodic memory comparable to awake replay. Neural mechanisms are discussed, including ion channel properties, plateau and ramping potentials, oscillations of excitation and inhibition of population activity, bursts of high amplitude discharges (sharp wave ripples), as well as short and long term synaptic modifications among and within cell assemblies. Specifically
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Plasmodium parasites are present in a wide range of host species, some of which tend to be more susceptible than others, potentially as an outcome of evolved tolerance or resistance. Common starlings seem to cope with malaria infection while common crossbills are more susceptible to the same infections. That raises the question if the parasites rely on the same molecular mechanisms regardless of host species or do Plasmod
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A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to complex spine surgery can reduce opioid intake, postoperative urinary
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The risk of missing orbital cellulitis is low. Young infants with difficult eye examination or the presence of headache or vomiting should increase suspicion of orbital cellulitis.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors were approved in August 2015 as an adjunct to maximally tolerated statin treatment in those with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
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Her oxygen saturation was 85% during exercise. Birth and family histories were unremarkable. The girl was healthy until 7.1 years of age, when she suffered a “pneumonia” with fever, dyspnea, and hypoxemia, which diminished after a 19-day treatment with antibiotics and methylprednisolone. These symptoms relapsed 8 months later, and she was diagnosed with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) and a M
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Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a high-intensity semisupervised exercise program alongside lifestyle counseling as an intervention for managing cardiometabolic risk in sedentary adults. Methods A 40-week 3-arm randomized controlled clinical trial (16-wk intervention and 24-wk follow-up) was used. Seventy-five sedentary adults (34-55 y) with at least 1 cardiometabolic
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On May 1, 2020, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for RDV to treat COVID- 19 patients [2]. A number of multicentre clinical trials are on-going to check the safety and efficacy of RDV for the treatment of COVID-19. Results of published double blind, and placebo-controlled trial on RDV against SARS-CoV-2, showed that RDV administration led to faster clinical improv
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Intestinal adaptation has been extensively studied experimentally, but very limited data is available on human subjects. In this study we assessed intestinal adaption in humans with short bowel syndrome (SBS).
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