Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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Climate change is a critical concern that affects every region of the globe. As temperatures persist to change, the significance of understanding its causes and impacts becomes ever important. This article aims to explore primary aspects of global warming, providing insights and advice on how to tackle its effects.
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Real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) assays are currently the method of choice in many laboratories for the detection and subtyping of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine. Traditionally, nasal swabs and lung tissues (sometimes bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal tissues) are the primary specimens for IAV testing. However, oral fluids are becoming more common for IAV prognostic profiling. In this chapter, we descr
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Getting a Swedish driver’s license is a huge turning point in life. It provides you the flexibility to drive around when and where you want. This is a fantastic method to check out Sweden at your own speed and enjoy all the advantages that feature it.
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ovided by experts should be tailored according to hospital capacity and different levels of the pandemic.Cell sorting can be used to purify cell populations for cell type-specific molecular probing. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) coupled with high-throughput sequencing affords molecular signature identification for specific cell types. FACS has many challenges that limit comprehensive cell purification from
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Biofilm mediated infection caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria are difficult to treat since it protects the microorganisms by host defense system, making them resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Combating such type of nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, is an urgent need and foremost challenge faced by clinicians. Therefore, antimicrobial pho
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Fundus imaging may have a useful role in defining clinical endpoints for ocular tuberculosis in the future.In 1842, Darwin identified three types of reefs fringing reefs, which are directly attached to volcanic islands; barrier reefs, which are separated from volcanic islands by lagoons; and ring reefs, which enclose only a lagoon and are defined as atolls. Moreover, he linked these reef types through an evolutiona
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However, it seems that a well-designed combination of VDAs with other anti-cancer drugs may bring a significant therapeutic effect. In this article, we describe three groups of vascular disruptive agents with their advantages and disadvantages. We mention VDAs clinical trials. Finally, we present the current possibilities of VDAs combination with other anti-cancer drugs.Esophageal cancer is a prominent worldwide illnes
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Perovskite-like ABX3 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gathered great interest due to their intriguing chemical and physical properties, including their magnetism, ferroelectricity, and multiferroicity. Pressure is an effective thermal parameter in tuning related properties in MOFs due to the adjustable organic framework. Though spectrum experiments have been made on the structural evolution during decompression, ther
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Study #2. Survey results indicate that participation in the theatre improvisation workshop encouraged feelings of support by peers and creative thinking as well as increasing communication skills.
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Macrocyclic lactones are frequently used dewormers in livestock farms around the world. Due to their wide spectrum of action against nematodes and arthropods and their practicality of application at very low doses, their use has become massive since their discovery. These compounds are eliminated in a large percentage in the feces of animals, causing adverse effects on coprophilic fauna. Several research group
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Introduction:In today’s hectic world, where the cosmetic industry is thriving, the transition towards organic skincare is becoming increasingly prevalent. This movement is not only focused on beauty but also highlights the need of embracing environmentally-friendly and natural products that are gentle on the skin.
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In addition, [Ca2+]er dynamics presented specific patterns in response to different stimuli such as osmotic stress, ABA, or CCh, indicating that Ca2+ signalling occurs in the ER in plants. These results provide valuable insights into subcellular Ca2+ dynamics in response to different stresses in Arabidopsis root cells and prove that GCaMP imaging is a useful tool for furthering our understanding of plant organel
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Intervention-induced neuroplastic changes within the motor or cognitive system have been shown in the human brain. While cognitive and motor brain areas are densely interconnected, it is unclear whether this interconnectivity allows for a shared susceptibility to neuroplastic changes. Using the preparation for a theoretical exam as training intervention that primarily engages the cognitive system, we tested the hypothesis w
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7) compared to the no treatment condition. For Treatment A, subjects with low knee flexion moment and knee flexion angle in no-treatment condition exhibited the greatest increase in knee flexion moment/angle in the active treatment condition (R > 0.57, p less then 0.001). These changes in gait measures were correlated significantly to changes in pain. Significance This clinical trial indicates that knee
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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promising responses in patients with refractory or relapsed aggressive B-cell malignancies that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. A potentially combinatorial therapeutic strategy may be the inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, overexpressed in most cancer cells. In this study
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Three patients had a monocyclic form, 12 had a polycyclic form, and 7 had chronic disease. Conclusion The frequency of cutaneous and musculoskeletal signs is comparable to that of other large cohorts of JDM. “Degos-like” lesions and algodystrophy have not yet been described in JDM. This study highlights the type and extent of the dermatological manifestations that frequently constitut
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Aim To describe patients’ and radiographers’ experiences of abdominal compression using conventional and patient-controlled compression methods. Design Qualitative descriptive design. Methods Forty-five patients who had used both a conventional and a patient-controlled compression device answered questionnaires. Five radiographers were interviewed. The data-collection took place between September 2015 and Febr
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nonemergent neurological conditions significantly decreased during the pandemic.
In the era of value-based payment models, it is imperative for neurosurgeons to eliminate inefficiencies and provide high-quality care. Discharge disposition is a relevant consideration with clinical and economic ramifications in brain tumor patients. We developed a predictive model and online calculator for postoperative non-home d
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riations in the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating local recurrence of prostate cancer and guiding therapy.Almost all Lepidoptera produce two kinds of spermatozoa, a typical nucleated spermatozoön and an anucleate one. Inactive in the male prior to ejaculation, both of these spermatozoa become motile upon ejaculation and move to the female’s sperm
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Hepatocellular carcinoma represents one of the most aggressive cancers with high recurrence rates. The high recurrence is a major problem in the management of this disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are often regarded as the basis of cancer recurrence. The anti-proliferative therapy kills the proliferating cells but induces mitotic quiescence in CSCs which remain as residual dormant CSCs. Later on, withdrawal of treatmen
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We conclude that skeletal muscles should be considered as a key organ system in exertional heat stroke pathophysiology.This study aimed to assess whether obesity and/or maximal exercise can change 24 h cardiac autonomic modulation and blood pressure in young men. Thirty-nine men (n 20; 21.9±1.8 kg·m-2, and n 19; 32.9±2.4 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to perform a control (non-exercise) and an experimental day exerc
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Experimentation under the influence of a variety of pharmacological interventions could improve the rate at which treatments for cardiac disease are developed. Furthermore, methods may be extended to other embedded biological tissues.In an aging society, diseases associated with irreversible damage of organs are frequent. An increasing percentage of patients requires bioartificial tissue or organ substitutes. Tiss
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The present study represents the first report of Sarcocystis-like tissue cysts in the brain of stranded cetaceans along with the first description of Sarcocystis sp. infection in muscle tissue of dolphins from the Mediterranean basin.X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy is based on the energy transfer from a nanoscintillator to a photosensitizer molecule, whose activation leads to singlet oxygen and radi
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Conclusion Our empirical study shows that the BIS includes a well-founded harm threshold combined with contextual information based on SD-M. We propose reconciling BIS and SD-M within the SOA as we believe this will improve paediatric decision-making. What is Known • Parents have wide discretion in deciding for their child in everyday life, while far-reaching treatment decisions should align with the child’s best inte
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By means of ex vivo tissue deuterium-labeling using the stable isotope-labeled precursor [6,6,6-2H3]-(±)-mevalonolactone and microvinification experiments, we were able to show for the first time that the three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, guaiazulene, δ-selinene, and selina-3,7(11)-diene, in Lemberger red wines do not originate from acid-catalyzed cyclization of yeast-derived farn
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