Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
46,711 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The difficulty of applying deep learning algorithms to biomedical imaging systems arises from a lack of training images. An existing workaround to the lack of medical training images involves pre-training deep learning models on ImageNet, a non-medical dataset with millions of training images. However, the modality of ImageNet’s dataset samples consisting of natural images in RGB frequently differs from t
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The analysis found low error and high correlation, suggesting that inundation can be effectively predicted by the new approaches. Ultimately, this study contributes to existing work on numerical analysis of the interaction methods of urban flooding.Cooperation (i.e., co-creation) has become the principal way of carrying out creative activities in modern society. In co-creation, different participants can play two co
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A key challenge in the process of virus amplification is the need for a simple and convenient method for measuring virus titers.
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Given the serious threat of foodborne multidrug-resistant bacteria to animals and humans, finding an effective antibacterial compound has always been an important topic for scientists. Here, from the soil of Changbaishan, we have identified a bacterium that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Nr genome database analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CB6 belongs to Bacillus velezensis. We fo
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Adolescents also reported on their general internalizing symptoms prior to the discussions and feelings of guilt, shame, and experienced guilt induction following each discussion task. Structural equation models, parceling out shared and unique perceptions of maternal communication behaviors, showed that adolescents with more internalizing symptoms reported greater feelings of shame and perceived maternal guilt-induction fo
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Thus, further studies are needed to fully determine how changes in TSPO binding occur at the cellular level with the ultimate goal of revealing potential therapeutic pathways.
This study intended to explore the effect of C-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 (JNK1) polymorphisms on the sensitivity of individual hearing loss.
A total of 1333 subjects, including 683 NIH
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Compared with control, compression reduced muscle microvascular blood volume and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in microvascular velocity and flow immediately after exercise and 1 hour post-exercise. Compression increased femoral artery diameter and augmented the exercise-induced increase in femoral arterial blood flow during exercise. Markers of blood oxygen extraction in muscle
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Since outbreaks were first detected in grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Cyperales Poaceae), in 2013, sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner has become a major annual pest in grain sorghum-producing regions of North America. Economic thresholds have been recommended for susceptible hybrids, but these recommendations may not be suitable for grain sorghum hybrids partially resistant to sugarcane a
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債務重組 指的是 過程 到達 一個全新的 面對債權人通過與債權人進行談判的還款計劃 財務困難 能夠 減少 還款的壓力和 增加 財務狀況。這個過程通常 涉及 重新分配債務的條件， 可能 包括延長還款期，減少 利率，，，， 也 減少一些債務 很多人 誰會 在經濟困難中，債務重組是一個可行的解決方案 那會有所幫助 他們 防止 破產的嚴重後果。
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As the most popular intrinsic neoplasm throughout the brain, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is resistant to existing therapies. Due to its invasive nature, GBM shows a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgery and chemoradiation. Therefore, identifying and understanding the critical molecules of GBM can develop new therapeutic strategies. Glutamatergic signaling dysfunction has been well documented in neurodegen
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By responding to environmental and intracellular stimuli, ion channels play critical roles in sperm function regulation. Although the importance of ion channel in male reproduction has drawn increasing attention in many species, the knowledge about ion channels in zebrafish sperm is limited. Here, we show zebrafish sperm motility could be suppressed by general calcium channel blockers rather than by general potassium
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Alcohol induces liver injury related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Humulus japonicus extract (HJE) against alcohol-induced liver injury. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms of the protective effect of HJE on alcohol-induced liver injury. The pretreatment of HJE decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alani
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Furthermore, the results of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double staining demonstrated that SMBJD treatment induced the apoptosis of H929 and U266 cells. These data prove that SMBJD inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in H929 and U266 cells. The results also show that rapamycin could reduce the rate of SMBJD-induced apoptosis in H929 and U266 cells, at a concentration which had no effect on apopto
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Background Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) are widespread in communities and can potentially be used to expand access to routine immunization especially in underserved areas. In this study, we aimed to assess their readiness to implement routine immunization in Kano, Nigeria and identify factors associated with it.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of PPMVs aged 18 years and above in
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Among the transcripts, 614 were up-regulated in APL3, while 1,309 were up-regulated in APL4. Several protease and protein biosynthesis-related genes were highly expressed in APL3, all of which are thought to be crucial for invading host tissues. Collagen synthesis-related genes were highly expressed in APL4, reflecting active biosynthesis of collagens occurs during moulting process of APL4. Of these
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Hob is a protein which is involved in regulating exocytosis. It is also known to regulate insulin-producing cells in Drosophila. It is a part of the secretory apparatus and is required for professional secretory cell function.
In the British kitchen, a hob is the equivalent of a cooktop, or s
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債務重組 指的是 過程 到達 一個獨特的 面對債權人通過與債權人進行談判的還款計劃 財務困難 能夠 減少 還款的壓力和 增強 財務狀況。這個過程通常 需要 重新分配債務的條件， 可能 包括延長還款期，減少 興趣水平，，，， 甚至 減少一些債務 許多人 那是 在經濟困難中，債務重組是一個可行的解決方案 那會有所幫助 他們 避開 破產的嚴重後果。
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Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi that colonize plant roots conferring beneficial effects to plants, indirectly through the induction of their defense systems or directly through the suppression of phytopathogens in the rhizosphere. Transcriptomic analyses of Trichoderma emerged as a powerful method for identifying the molecular events underlying the establishment of this beneficial relationship. Here, we foc
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