Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
48,374 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Hyperpolarization-gated, cyclic nucleotide-activated (HCN1-4) channels are inwardly rectifying cation channels that display voltage dependent activation and de-activation. Pathogenic variants in HCN1 are associated with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies including the de novo HCN1 M305L variant. M305 is located in the S5 domain that is implicated in coupling voltage sensor domain moveme
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e, previously unnoticed, effects of temperature in the unexposed offspring of heat-exposed parents in a global warming scenario. The role of local government units (LGUs) in disaster resilience is crucial for a hazard-prone country such as the Philippines. Although the country has its own institutional framework on disaster risk reduction, a
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In children without malignancy, diagnostic accuracy of shivering was poor.Conclusion Shivering is of limited use to diagnose serious bacterial infection in children without malignancy. Nevertheless, in children with known malignancy, it can be useful as an alarm signal. What is Known • In the NICE guidelines for febrile illness in children, “shivering” is considered as an intermediate risk factor (“amber” sign) for a se
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Comparative data analyses were performed.
It was shown that keratoplastic substances significantly promote diffusion of the glucocorticoid. Keratoemulsifying substance mixtures exert no relevant effects in this regard, while keratodiluting substance mixtures inhibit penetration.
The targeted selection of a keratolytic can optimize the ther
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Background Attention has recently turned toward the use of device-assisted male circumcision to help scale up male circumcision services in sub-Saharan Africa, with increasing emphasis on younger age groups. We assessed the use of the ShangRing for circumcising the subset of boys aged 10 to 12 years who were enrolled in two randomized clinical trials in Kenya. Methods We performed a sub-analysis of outcomes in 197 boys aged 10 to 12 y
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AIM FreeStyle Libre™ Flash Glucose Monitoring System (Flash GM), a novel, sensor-based, factory-calibrated system has been compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose in a well-controlled adult type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) population (HbA1c≤7.5% (58 mmol/mol), in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The need for RCTs to recruit homogenous patients and for a well-controlled environment may not nece
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0±6.7 mmHg·min·L-1). It significantly correlated with both the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output slope (r=0.51, p less then 0.01) and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation/workload slope (r=-0.41, p=0.02). In addition, the mPAP/CO slope correlated significantly with mPAP at rest (r=0.73, p less then 0.01) and TPR at rest (r=0.64, p less then 0.01). Even after pulmonary haemodynamics at rest was significan
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considered in pediatric FTCs, especially in cases less then 10 years of age. In all DICER1 variant-positive FTCs and FAs, recurrent hotspot variants were found at metal binding sites within the RNase IIIb domain, suggesting they impact tumorigenesis.Introduction The awareness of radiation doses and risks, also during interventional cardiology procedures, is essential today in order to apply th
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Illness duration was associated with overall increases in the variability of network connections. The control group had higher global efficiency and more hubs in the cerebellum network, while patient group hubs were more common in visual, frontoparietal, or subcortical networks. Thus, reduced functional connectivity in patients was largely present between distinct networks, rather than within-networks. The impl
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Non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 could benefit from awake proning. Awake proning is an attractive intervention in settings with limited resources, as it comes with no additional costs. However, awake proning remains poorly used probably because of unfamiliarity and uncertainties regarding potential benefits and practical application. To summarize evidence for benefit and to develop a
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Vitamin D is key to the musculoskeletal system. Its deficiency can arise from lack of exposure to sunlight and through dietary insufficiency. This can have an impact upon the oral health of an individual, including resulting in chronological hypoplasia enamel defects. Enamel hypoplasia is a quantitative defect in the enamel, presenting as pits, grooves, missing enamel or smaller teeth. The management
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Forty-seven (20%) patients who initially appeared stable worsened during the flight. No deaths occurred on board, however, and no flights had to be diverted due to an uncontrolled care situation.
The results suggested that the presence of an ICP ensured a continued high-level care for patients with serious trauma and medical injuries, due to the medical and aeronautical experti
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a simple 4-factor model using self-reported data could be used to predict exercise-induced breast pain in elite female athletes. DESIGN Survey study. SETTING Online or hard-copy surveys completed at sporting competitions and training facilities around Australia. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred ninety female athletes competing nationally or internationally across 49 sports. INDEPENDENT VARIAB
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twenty-eight CRC patients were included, twenty (71.4 %) from group 1 and eight (28.6 %) from group 2. The binary logistic regression revealed that lower TSF adequacy (OR = 0.929; CI 95 % = 0.870-0.993; p = 0.029) and higher IL-6 levels (OR = 1.001; CI 95 % = 1.000-1.002; p = 0.012) increased the chance of patients having tumor s
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This survey reveals that individuals’ WTP is critically affected by previous experiences and attitudes towards informal payments. Our results imply that the potential introduction of official fees might not suffice to limit informal payments and suggest the need for stricter regulatory policies.
This survey reveals that individuals’ WTP is crit
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Primed and activated cells presented increased levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, while açaí, Li, and orientin treatments reversed this impairment. We found that açaí, Li, and orientin were effective prophylactic treatments. Preventative treatment with Li and orientin was unable to avoid overexpression of IL-1β compared to the positive control. However, orientin downregulated NLRP3 and caspase-1. Last
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RESULTS IIR caused severe lung damage, including morphological changes, high permeability, airway resistance, low static compliance, hypoxemia, and acidemia. Pulmonary and plasma MDA content and MPO activity increased, whereas SOD activity decreased. The HMGB1/TLR4/PKR signaling pathway was activated following IIR. Pretreatment with propofol markedly attenuated lung injury (such as reducing the lung edema and permeability), increased
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In comparison with handles, people along with HF got increased median beliefs associated with NT-proBNP (Of sixteen,216 [interquartile range, IQR = 27739] compared to. 2883 [5866] pg/mL, p significantly less then 0.001), GDF-15 (7512 [7084] compared to. 6005 [4892] pg/mL, p = 0.014), however, not cNEP (315 [107] compared to. 318 [124] pg/mL, p = 0.818). Typical cNEP exercise was drastically lower in HF versus. settings (0.189 [0.223] compare
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After persistent symptoms, nebulized TXA at a dose of 500 mg three times a day was administered. The patients were all discharged from the hospital with improvement in their symptoms.
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Albinism is a congenital disorder where misrouting of the optic nerves at the chiasm gives rise to abnormal visual field representations in occipital cortex. In typical human development, the left occipital cortex receives retinal input predominantly from the right visual field, and vice-versa. In albinism, there is a more complete decussation of optic nerve fibers at the chiasm, resulting in partial represent
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Five cases of axillary lymphadenopathy are presented, which occurred after COVID-19 vaccination and mimicked metastasis in a vulnerable oncologic patient group. Initial radiologic diagnosis raised concerns for metastasis. However, further investigation revealed that patients received COVID-19 vaccinations in the ipsilateral arm prior to imaging. In two cases, lymph node biopsy results confirmed vaccinat
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