Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
49,310 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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It is estimated that approximately one-tenth of the US population suffers from substance use disorders (SUD), a problem that is compounded when one considers the impact that drug addiction could have on treatment outcomes for many other chronic diseases. Thus, addiction medicine has become an important component of many successful urban primary care practices and residencies across the country. Our program sought to improve the confide
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Kidney fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease progression; however, at present no antifibrotic therapies exist1-3. The origin, functional heterogeneity and regulation of scar-forming cells that occur during human kidney fibrosis remain poorly understood1,2,4. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of cells from the proximal and non-proximal tubules of healthy and fibrotic hu
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation frequently used to induce neuroplasticity in the brain. Even at low intensities, rTMS has been shown to modulate aspects of neuronal plasticity such as motor learning and structural reorganisation of neural tissue. However, the impact of low intensity rTMS on glial cells such as astrocytes remains largely unknown. This stu
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Clostridium ljungdahlii (C. ljungdahlii, CLJU) is natively endowed producing acetic acid, 2,3-butandiol, and ethanol consuming gas mixtures of CO2, CO, and H2 (syngas). Here, we present the syngas-based isobutanol formation using C. ljungdahlii harboring the recombinant amplification of the “Ehrlich” pathway that converts intracellular KIV to isobutanol. Autotrophic isobutanol productio
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The efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is often limited by roll-off, where efficiency decreases with increasing bias. In most OLEDs, roll-off primarily occurs due to exciton quenching, which is commonly assumed to be active only above device turn-on. Below turn-on, exciton and charge carrier densities are often presumed to be too small to cause quenching. Using lock-in detection of ph
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Adolescence is a time of tremendous physical growth and mental development, with high nutrient requirements. Ethiopia is among the countries with a high prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among the women of reproductive age group, whilst adolescent girls from rural areas suffered disproportionately. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the barriers that hinder adolescent girls to utilize the avail
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Offer some recommendations or guidelines during the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of diagnosis, treatment and follow-upin the field of Reconstructive Urology. MATERIAL AND METHOD The document is based on the evidence on SARS/Cov-2 and the authors’ experience in managing COVID-19 in their institutions, including specialists from Andalusia, Madrid, Cantabria,the Valencian Community and
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Literature describing the anatomic characteristics of osteochondral fractures (OCFs) in the knee joint after patellar dislocation is scarce.
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Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fluidity, which mediates cellular function. Phospholipases and the bioactive lipids they produce are important regulators of immune cell activity, dictating both pro-inf
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INTRODUCTION Meta-analysis is a powerful means for leveraging the hundreds of experiments being run worldwide into more statistically powerful analyses. This is also true for the analysis of omic data, including genome-wide DNA methylation. In particular, thousands of DNA methylation profiles generated using the Illumina 450k are stored in the publicly accessible Gene Expression Omnibus (
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The rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a significant step towards the containment of the virus. The surge of COVID-19 cases in India and across the globe necessitates a rapid and sensitive molecular assay. Rapid point-of-care (PoC) assays (Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 assays) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 have been developed which are expected to shorten the turn
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RNA interference (RNAi) has been proved to be a viable method for agricultural pest control. Due to the limited uptake of dsRNA in hemiptera insects, this study used nanocarrier SPc (star polycation) transdermal delivery systems to deliver two truncated fragments (P1/P2) dsRNA of the CYP6CY3 for silencing this target gene in Aphis gossypii. After the cotton aphid was sprayed with the SPc + dsP1/P2 mixture, the expressio
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In light of neuroimmune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface, we review here the possible harmful outcomes to the offspring brains of mothers infected by SARS-CoV-2.Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating and debilitating muscle degenerative disease affecting 1 in every 3,500 male births worldwide. DMD is progressive and fatal; accumulated weakening of the muscle tissue leads to an inability to walk and e
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Sink organs, the net receivers of resources from source tissues, provide food and energy for humans. Crops yield and quality are improved by increased sink strength and source activity, which are affected by many factors, including sugars and hormones. With the growing global population, it is necessary to increase photosynthesis into crop biomass and yield on a per plant basis by enhancing sink strength. Sugar
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Following the intervention, students were able to pinpoint bioinformatics tools required to identify genes in a genomics sequence, and most importantly, they were able to solve genomics-related misconceptions. Overall, students revealed a positive attitude regarding the integration of bioinformatics-based approaches in their learning practices, reinforcing their added value in educational approaches.Stx bacte
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