Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
51,298 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Genetic connectivity is expected to be lower in species with limited dispersal ability and a high degree of habitat specialization (intrinsic factors). Also, gene flow is predicted to be limited by habitat conditions such as physical barriers and geographic distance (extrinsic factors). We investigated the effects of distance, intervening pools, and rapids on gene flow in a species, the Tuxedo Darter (Etheostoma lemni
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The case studies represent different natural conditions, and the indicator set application showed that ecosystem services (ES) flow-in terms of output alone-does not characterise agro-ecosystems sufficiently. The proposed aspects of provisioning ecosystem services can give a fuller picture, for example, by input-output relationships, as it is possible by just using single indicators. Uncertainties as
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© 2020 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.IMPORTANCE Children and youth are often challenged to maintain well-being, positive behavior, and social participation. OBJECTIVE To identify evidence for occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with and at risk for mental health concerns. DATA SOURCES Articles published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between January 2010 and March 2017
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the health outcomes of vulnerable populations.Bacterial microcompartments are protein-based organelles that carry out specialized metabolic functions in diverse bacteria. Their outer shells are built from several thousand protein subunits. Some of the architectural principles of bacterial microcompartments have been articulated, with lateral packing of flat hexameric BMC proteins providing the basic foundation for ass
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In this investigation, potential inhibitors of α-amylase, one of the key regulatory enzymes in diabetes were characterized from the methanolic extract of Leucas ciliata Benth. (Lamiaceae), a traditional medicinal plant of the Western Ghats, southern India and the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces longisporoflavus (JX965948), an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem fragments of L. ciliata, by Gas Chrom
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This may also occur in the hyperinflammatory -cytokine releasing phase- of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that early treatment of COVID-19 patients with pentoxifylline, alone or in combination with oxypurinol, would prevent the potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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miR-33a expression decreased in HPR and was negatively correlated with ABCA1 and Apo A-1 levels at 4th hour of the postprandial period in both groups.
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197), whereas excellent agreement was achieved at cut-offs of 50% (κ=0.908) and 5% (κ=0.823). DIA on mIF showed that PD-L1 commonly colocalised with CD68
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Reproducibility was obtained in the range of 2.5-10% (RSD). Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were successfully employed, showing suitable discrimination of all studied filaments and the non-polluted air. Besides, air spiked with vapors of the most representative VOCs were analyzed by the optoelectronic nose and visually compared to each filament. The desc
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We report a novel and simple fabrication process to realize vertically tapered spot size converters (SSC) on InP photonic integrated circuits. The vertical tapering was achieved via a linewidth controlled local optical dose variation, leading to a grey tone photoresist profile. The fabricated SSCs are compact, polarization insensitive and demonstrate a very high mode conversion efficiency of 95%. In
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To analyze the incidence and characteristics of fabella in the Chinese population and its correlation with pain in the posterolateral region of the knee joint and common peroneal nerve palsy.
Total 732 patients including 405 males(450 knees) and 327 females(383 knees) who underwent unilateral or bilateral knee MR imaging from September 2015 to July 2019 were retrosp
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Loss of LepA leads to a decreased amount of porin in the membrane which leads to the drug tolerance phenotype of the lepA mutant. In mycobacteria, the translation factor LepA modulates mycobacterial membrane homeostasis, which in turn affects antibiotic tolerance.ImportanceThe mycobacterial cell wall is a promising target for new antibiotics due to the abundance of important membrane-associated proteins. Defining m
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Renal fibrosis is a major pathological event in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside that possesses multiple pharmacological properties including anti-fibrotic activity. In the present study, the effects of baicalin on renal fibrosis along with related molecular basis were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mouse model and high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 human p
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Further the quantitative analysis showed that the lipids lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 160, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) 140, lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) 182, LPE 182, phosphatidyl etanolamine (PE), along with oryzanol, hydroxy docosanoic acid are at least threefold higher in scented rice varietal; whereas, in Chakhao Amubi, the content of petunidin galactoside, LMMPE182, PC140 are higher tha
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